From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Thu Apr 29 23:54:25 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Thu, 29 Apr 2004 22:54:25 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] NASA's Exploration Systems Enterprise (Code T) releases "Request for Information" Message-ID: Good evening. I have a smile on my face. :-) I read the announcement of this Request For Information that came to me on an Ames e-mail. Since the URL is available to all and the request is offered to all, I thought I would pass it on. - LRK - Still, I feel like NASA has gone fishing. Anyone who might submit a proposal to some request for proposal later, might be interested in submitting a paper, but don't think that it is a proposal or that you would be asked to propose. - LRK - Nothing binding here, just give us your ideas. Then again, should there be a request for a proposal, you would know whether you should propose to propose, or something like that. :-) - LRK - If you want to build a nuclear power source that would help us to go to the Moon, Mars, and Beyond, you might read this RFI very carefully. - LRK - Got ideas on how to stuff a sardine can? - LRK - Know how to keep folks interested for the next decades to come? - LRK - ============================================================= http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/GMSFC/POVA/NASA-SNOTE-040421-001/Synopsis.html A--EXPLORATION SYSTEMS ENTERPRISE REQUEST FOR INFORMATION [VERY DENSE HTML PAGE, POORLY FORMATED AND ALMOST UNREADABLE - all said in one breath. - COPY AND REWORK SO YOU CAN READ IF YOU ARE INTERESTED. - LRK - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- Focus Areas for RFI 01 - Posted on Apr 21, 2004 http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/GMSFC/POVA/NASA-SNOTE-040421-001/Attachments.ht ml [WHICH GIVES YOU A REFERENCE TO THE WORD DOCUMENT BELOW - LRK -] [13 PAGE, 66 KB, VERY READABLE, GOOD OUTLINE FOR A BOOK - LRK -] http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/eps/eps_data/109972-OTHER-001-001.doc EXPLORATION SYSTEMS ENTERPRISE REQUEST FOR INFORMATION RFI Focus Area: Design Principles, Objectives, and Guidelines LESSONS LEARNED Issue(s): What lessons have been learned from our previous operational robotic and human exploration activities? Suggested paper topics. What lessons have been learned from our robotic and human exploration of the Moon, robotic exploration of Mars, STS, ISS, and other low rate production and flight programs which may be applicable to the new Nation's vision? What lessons have been learned from attempts to achieve technology infusion and incorporation of enhancements? Discuss good and bad approaches to requirements formulation, development, flight operations and acquisition strategies (including structure and maintenance of relationship with industry). For example, if the Apollo program were repeated today, what would we do the same, and what would we do differently? snip Modification 01 - Posted on Apr 21, 2004 http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/GMSFC/POVA/NASA-SNOTE-040421-001/Modification%2 001.html snip Description This is a modification to the synopsis entitled Exploration Systems Enterprise Request for Information which was posted on April 21, 2004. You are notified that the following changes/clarifications are made: (1) the URL referenced in the RFI will be available and active for electronically uploading white paper responses by no later than May 14, 2004; (2) the RFI is open for white paper responses from any organizations or individuals without restriction; including foreign entities or individuals, and NASA or other Government entities or individuals; and (3) there are no page limits on white paper responses although respondees are requested to be as concise as possible to expedite review. The due date for responses of May 20, 2004 is not extended. snip ============================================================= http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/eps/eps_data/109972-OTHER-001-001.doc [Just copied the topics to whet your appetite. - LRK - EXPLORATION SYSTEMS ENTERPRISE REQUEST FOR INFORMATION RFI Focus Area: Design Principles, Objectives, and Guidelines LESSONS LEARNED SUSTAINABILITY AFFORDABILITY RELIABILITY & SAFETY COMPLEXITY EFFECTIVENESS REUSABILITY LIFECYCLE ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES RFI Focus Area: Crosscutting Design Drivers and Architecture Elements MISSION MODEL / UTILIZATION ASSUMPTIONS COMMONALITY: IN-SPACE AND LUNAR SURFACE COMMONALITY: MARS AND LUNAR CREW SIZE HUMAN-ROBOTIC COLLABORATION AND INTERFACES AUTONOMY AND OPERATIONS MISSION OPERATIONS PAYLOADS MASS REDUCTION IN STRUCTURES REFUELING AND RESUPPLY IN-SPACE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE IN-SPACE ASSEMBLY (including Automated Rendezvous and Docking) POWER AND PROPULSION ISSUES CEV AND OTHER SYSTEM CONCEPT OPTIONS AND VARIATIONS SURFACE POWER FOR HUMAN EXPLORATION OF THE MOON AND MARS PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR FAST PILOTED MISSIONS TO MARS LAUNCH INFRASTRUCTURE EVA TECHNOLOGY & ADVANCED CONCEPTS REUSABILITY VERSUS LIMITED-USE FOR SPACE SUIT LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM COMPONENTS RFI Focus Area: Program Management, Acquisition, and Interfaces REQUIREMENTS FORMULATION AND EVOLUTION SYSTEM-OF-SYSTEMS INTEGRATION ACQUISITION STRATEGY PROGRAM/PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS ASSESSMENT MODELING & TESTING TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT SCIENCE OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT CAIB RECOMMENDATIONS TEAMING ARRANGEMENTS COMMERCIAL OPPORTUNITIES SECURITY OPPORTUNITIES PUBLIC OUTREACH AND ENGAGEMENT ============================================================= SO WHAT DO YOU THINK? REMEMBER - ANYTHING YOU SUBMIT MAY BE SHARED - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/GMSFC/POVA/NASA-SNOTE-040421-001/Synopsis.html snip Papers should be delivered to the following Focus Areas: Design Principles, Objectives, and Guidelines; Crosscutting Design Drivers and Architecture Elements; and Program Management, Acquisition, and Interfaces. Each submission will receive an electronic notification of a successful upload. Any information obtained as a result of this RFI is intended to be used by the Government on a non-attribution basis for program planning and acquisition strategy development. Providing data/information that is limited or restricted for use by the Government for that purpose would be of very little value and such restricted/limited data/information is not solicited. By submitting information in response to this RFI, submitters of such information impliedly consent to the release and dissemination of submitted information to any Government or non-Government entity to which NASA releases and disseminates the information for review. Review may be performed by multi-disciplined review teams. Review teams may be comprised of Government personnel from NASA?s Exploration Systems Enterprise, other NASA Enterprises, NASA Centers, and/or other Government agencies. Moreover, review teams may include third parties, such as contractor personnel who support NASA. As such, to the extent that any information submitted in response to this RFI is marked as or construed to be proprietary or business-sensitive, submitters are hereby notified (a) about the potentiality that such information may be disclosed to third parties and (b) that submission of information in response to this RFI constitutes consent to such handling and disclosure of submitted information. This RFI is being used to obtain information for planning purposes only and the Government does not presently intend to award a contract at this time. As stipulated in FAR 15.201(e), responses to this notice are not considered offers and cannot be accepted by the Government to form a binding contract. This RFI is subject to FAR 52.215-3. snip :-) Just gone fishing. -LRK - :-) ------------------------------------------------------------- I am for public outreach. :-) - LRK - PUBLIC OUTREACH AND ENGAGEMENT Issue(s): A critical aspect of a sustainable exploration program is the sustained engagement of the public in the vision and the mission. How can NASA design an exploration program that continually engages the public in a visceral manner? Suggested paper topics: What are some ideas for engaging the public in the exploration mission and how does this impact the overall architecture? Explore ideas such as high-bandwidth communication with high-quality video links. Discuss mechanisms that can be employed in the near-term to maintain sustained interest throughout the course of the Vision, by allowing the public to experience some of the challenges that NASA faces in executing exploration missions. ------------------------------------------------------------- Don't tell me I didn't give you a chance to shape the New Frontier. Just don't take more than a month to put your paper together - The due date for responses of May 20, 2004 is not extended. - LRK - Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= A Request for Information (RFI) has been released by NASA's Exploration Systems Enterprise (Code T). Details concerning the RFI are available online at:topics. http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/GMSFC/POVA/NASA-SNOTE-040421-001/Synopsis.html Background information: With the announcement of the Vision for U.S. Space Exploration, NASA has formed a new Exploration Systems Enterprise (Code T) that is charged with development of systems to be used in the exploration of the moon, Mars, and other destinations. The Exploration Systems Enterprise is responsible for developing and demonstrating the strategies and systems that will allow human and advanced robotic exploration of other worlds through the use of innovative approaches, new vehicles, and breakthrough technologies. The RFI is an invitation for white papers pertaining to Code T's Project Constellation and Project Prometheus in general, and the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) in particular. Considered in its entirety, Project Constellation refers to the complete system-of-systems required for human and human/robotic exploration activities on the Moon, Mars and beyond. Systems development in Project Constellation will be integrated with ongoing efforts in Project Prometheus, which was constituted to support technical development to advance space nuclear reactor, power conversion, radioisotope power systems, and electric propulsion technologies for robotic science missions, with the first identified mission for these technologies being the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) mission. With the advent of the Vision for U.S. Space Exploration, Project Prometheus has been directed to examine nuclear systems that can also enable human exploration of the Moon, Mars and beyond. For this RFI, no awards will be granted. But in a series of NASA Research Announcements (NRAs), Requests for Proposals, and other contracting vehicles to be released following this RFI, the Exploration Systems Enterprise will give innovative teams the opportunity to extend their efforts into funded concept definition, technology maturation, and development activities. Instructions for submitting papers: snip THE REST OF THIS MESSAGE WAS DIRECTED TO AMES EMPLOYEES AS THIS CAME FROM A CENTER E-MAIL. - LRK - ============================================================== 1182 subscribers If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040429/57385614/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Wed Apr 28 00:11:33 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Tue, 27 Apr 2004 23:11:33 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C080111FE@exchange.prog.altair.com> Good evening (hot hot here in Tracy, CA) (Laptop hot too. The price you pay for WiFi, but lets you watch the ball game and type too.) Ross W Sargent and Rick Fischer have pointed to more information about our proposed mission to the Moon in 2008. ---------------- http://www.thespacereview.com/article/136/1 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: the cornerstone of the vision by Taylor Dinerman Monday, April 26, 2004 ---------------- And if you back up to home for "The Space Review" http://www.thespacereview.com/index.html You will find many more interesting articles. - LRK - ---------------- What is The Space Review? The Space Review is a new online publication devoted to in-depth articles, commentary, and reviews regarding all aspects of space exploration: science, technology, policy, business, and more. more info http://www.thespacereview.com/about.html ---------------- So better not fill your in-basket, just let you read the work of others. - LRK - Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Hi Larry you may have seen this already http://www.thespacereview.com/article/136/1 Ross Ross W Sargent snip ============================================================= http://groups.yahoo.com/group/return_to_the_moon/ Discussions regarding America's new projects to return to the moon. Returning to the moon, and eventual settlement driven by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's new mandate. Reminder: New members are initially moderated. Part of the InsideKSC.com yahoo discussion groups: Inside KSC: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/inside_ksc Missions To Mars: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/missions_to_mars Project Constellation: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Project_Constellation ============================================================= [Return To The Moon] Digest Number 65 ---------------------------------------------------------------------~-> There is 1 message in this issue. Topics in this digest: 1. Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: the cornerstone of the vision From: "Rick Fischer" ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Message: 1 Date: Mon, 26 Apr 2004 17:15:15 -0400 From: "Rick Fischer" Subject: Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: the cornerstone of the vision The Space Review : by Taylor Dinerman Monday, April 26, 2004 Scheduled to be launched sometime in 2008, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) project is quickly approaching the point where some basic decisions have to be made. Given the time it takes for missions such as the LRO to be designed, built, tested, and certified, the need to get the requirements right, and to do so fast, is an early test of Code T and Admiral Steidle's ability to change the way things get done at NASA. The first requirement is to decide the goals of the LRO mission. Based on the vision paper, it can be assumed that the primary goal of this project is to map the Moon's usable resources so that Code T can begin to develop the technologies needed for in situ resource utilization (ISRU). Aside from the samples brought back from Apollo, there is still relatively little we know about the potential minerals-above all the water-that might exist on the Moon. The meaning of the data from the 1994 Clementine and 1998 Lunar Prospector missions is still being debated. We know, for example, that there is plenty of hydrogen on the Moon, but we do not know what form it is in or what it is chemically bonded with. It would be nice if the LRO can confirm or deny the presence of water ice in the dark craters of the south polar region. Choosing the right instruments to do this should be at the top of any list of priorities. Water is the second most valuable substance in the solar system (the most valuable, of course, being human brainpower.) In his April 1st testimony before the House Science Committee, Paul Spudis said that, "We estimate that over 10 billion tons of water exist at the lunar poles." If he's right, then the vision to build the Moonbase, to perfect ISRU technology and then go on the Mars, will be possible within roughly the time frame laid out by President Bush. If the water is not there, or if it is there in forms that make it difficult to extract, then the whole project will need to be rethought. There are a number of other imperatives for the LRO instrument package. It must include instruments to produce a detailed topographic map of the whole lunar surface. This means that a state-of-the-art laser altimeter much be included. There must also be a pan- chromatic one-meter resolution or less imager, and a multi- or hyperspectral sensor. Magnetometers and some sort of ground penetrating radars are also desirable. It is not likely that a suitable instrument suite can be made to fit inside the 40 or 50 kilo payload capability of a Delta 2. In order to put a probe into lunar orbit, enough propellant must be included so that the spacecraft can slow itself down. Unlike Mars, where the thin Martian atmosphere allows for aerobraking maneuvers, all of the energy needed to move into a capture orbit must be brought along from Earth in the form of hydrazine or another type of fuel. If NASA plans to launch LRO on a Delta 2, as most observers assume, the payload limits will probably ensure that the limited data that will be transmitted back to Earth will not be enough to accomplish the mission's most important goals. If, on the other hand, they decide to upgrade to an Atlas V or Delta IV EELV class vehicle, the mission design team will be able to put together an instrument package that will weigh in at 120 kilos, or more. This, along with enough fuel to maintain a low altitude orbit around the moon, will produce a spacecraft that will accomplish all the main objectives. Upgrading from a Delta 2 to an EELV will probably not cost more than 10 or 15 million dollars. Since the people who handle space budgets inside the Pentagon are desperate to see more EELVs fly, it is likely that they will be willing to look for innovative ways to help the LRO onto a more powerful rocket. In the case of the LRO, the more fuel it can carry the better. ESA's SMART-1 mission is on its way to the Moon, and Japan has two missions planned: Lunar A, to be launched in September of this year and Selene, whose launch date is planned for August 2005. The data from these missions will be helpful, but they are not geared towards gathering resource inventory data for ISRU. Only the LRO is specifically designed for this mission. This is critically important to the vision, since the Moon is only the first place that such an inventory will be taken. If LRO is done right, we will have a model for the future. If it is done wrong, not only will this be a waste of time and money but it will put the whole vision plan into jeopardy. Getting this right the first time will require proper funding and superb mission management. This will be a test that NASA, Code T, as well as the Administration and Congress, dare not fail. Rick Fischer rick.fischer at insideksc.com Inside KSC.com http://www.insideksc.com ============================================================== 1180 subscribers If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040427/3570daa1/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Sun Apr 25 17:25:41 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Sun, 25 Apr 2004 16:25:41 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] LIVING ALOFT: Human Requirements for Extended Spaceflight Message-ID: REALLY - YOU WANT TO GO TO THE MOON, MARS, AND BEYOND???? Back in 1985, the book "LIVING ALOFT: Human Requirements for Extended Spaceflight" wrote about the concerns for extended space flight. Think about it, stuffed into a can for a long period of time. Could you do it without punching out your fellow travelers? I found it interesting to flip through the pages of SP-483 to see what thought important back in 1985 and what was hoped to be accomplished on the International Space Station, yet to be built. http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/station/ The first module of the MIR would go up in 1986 and the first two modules of the ISS would be joined in 1998. The first crew would not take command until 2000. Now we say the ISS is just orbiting around Earth and we want to go further. Are we ready for that??? - LRK - Take a look at the table of contents for SP-483. Have we found the answers? -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports1.htm SP-483 LIVING ALOFT -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-483/cover.htm SP-483 LIVING ALOFT Human Requirements for Extended Spaceflight http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-483/contents.htm CHAPTER I - LIVING IN SPACE. BACKGROUND. A FRAMEWORK FOR FORECASTING. Guiding Assumptions. Theoretical Orientation. The Available Data. SPACE ENVIRONMENTS. The Physical Environment. The Social Environment. Basic Reactions to Space-like Environments. Temporal Fluctuations. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER II - BEHAVIORAL AND SELECTION IMPLICATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL CHANGES. PHYSIOLOGICAL DECONDITIONING. Simulation Studies. Resistance to Deconditioning. Countermeasures. VESTIBULAR ALTERATIONS. Manifestations and Theory. Resistance to Vestibular Effects. Countermeasures. VISUAL CHANGES. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER III - HABITABILITY. BACKGROUND. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT. Interior Space. Food. Hygiene. Temperature and Humidity. Decor and Lighting. Odor. Noise. HEALTH AND LEISURE. Recreation. Exercise. PRIVACY. Meaning and Functions. Theory. Bases of Needs. Mechanisms. Crowding. Territoriality. Privacy in Space. COMPLEX EFFECTS. Multiple Stressors. Aftereffects. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER IV - PERFORMANCE. DESCRIBING PERFORMANCE. Work Requirements in Space. Human Performance Abilities. ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE. Discrete-Task Assessment Techniques. Multiple-Task Batteries. Partial- and Full-Scale Simulation. In-flight Performance Assessment. Future Focus of Research on Performance Assessment. ISSUES IN ASTRONAUT WORK REGIMES. Factors Affecting Work Capacity. Factors Affecting Work Schedules. Factors Affecting Workload. The Effects of Desynchronosis. Sleep Disturbances. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER V - SMALL GROUPS. INTRODUCTION. INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CREW COMPATIBILITY. Gender. Age. Culture. Personal Attractiveness. Emotional Stability. Competence. Cooperativeness. Social Versatility. Similarities and Complementarities. Group Homeostasis. Crew Size and Social Compatibility. Assembling Groups. INTERPERSONAL DYNAMICS. Leadership. Cohesiveness. Compliance, Conformity, and Independence. Group Performance. Temporal Dynamics. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER VI - COMMUNICATION. INTRODUCTION. DIRECT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION. Verbal Communication. Nonverbal Communication. MEDIATED COMMUNICATION. Planning Considerations. Systems Requirements. Systems Effects. Application to Space. COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. Internal Communication. External Communication. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER VII - CRISES. INTRODUCTION. EXTERNALLY PRECIPITATED CRISES. Experience in Space. Individual Response to Threat. Group Processes. Implications for Space. INTERNALLY PRECIPITATED CRISES. Psychological Episodes. Transcendant Experiences. Substance Abuse. Grief. Crisis Intervention. Implications for Space. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER VIII - ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT. INTRODUCTION. SPACECREW STRUCTURE. Power Structures. Work Roles. Normative Structures. MOTIVATION. Rewards. Sanctions. EXTERNAL RELATIONS. Boundary Roles. Interorganizational Conflict. Models of Conflict Management. Reassimilation. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER IX - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS. PURPOSE. CHAPTER SUMMARIES. DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH. General Research Issues. Extended Spaceflight Variables. Competing Perspectives. Neglected Research Areas. RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES. Situations and Environments. Methods and Approaches. CONCLUSIONS. REFERENCES. -------------------------------------------------------------- COME FORWARD TO THE YEAR 2000 AND LISTEN AND READ WHAT WAS EXPECTED FROM THE ISS. - LRK - -------------------------------------------------------------- LIVING ALOFT November 2, 2000 http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/science/july-dec00/space_11-2.html An American and two Russian astronauts set up shop in the international space station today, 240 miles above the Earth. After a background report, Ray Suarez leads a discussion about human life in outer space. ... watch this segment in streaming video NASA SPOKESMAN: A milestone in space history set to get underway... RAY SUAREZ: The historic moment came early this morning as a capsule containing three astronauts arrived at the international space station. NASA SPOKESMAN: We have initial contact of the Soyuz capsule with the Expedition One crew to the international space station. RAY SUAREZ: As the astronauts opened the hatch to the station, mission control was enthused about what is hoped will be the first permanent human presence in space. The start of a long journey NASA SPOKESMAN: First crew went on board the station, and the command was given to the crew: Now make it come alive. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- NOW GO TO JSC AND LOOK AT THE DISTANCE LEARNING CURRICULUM AND SPEND SOME TIME PREPARING YOURSELF FOR THE JOURNEY TO THE MOON, MARS, AND BEYOND. IF YOU HAVE UP AND COMING SPACE TRAVELERS, THEY MAY WANT TO TAKE THE COURSE TOO. - LRK - THE JOURNEY BEGINS -41st Space Congress starts Tuesday, April 27, at the Radisson Resort at the Port, 8701 Astronaut Blvd., Cape Canaveral Florida. Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/About/General.cfm Distance Learning Modules: Twelve lessons have been compiled to prepare the scholars for their week at JSC and to familiarize them with space exploration. These activities are submitted (in sequential order) once every two weeks by our online system, the "Comm-Link" (accessible once signed-in). Each activity is reviewed by a certified Texas educator through the online system. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/default.cfm LESSONS - All Systems Go! (1) On-Orbit Burn (2) De-Orbit Burn (3) Some Assembly Required (4) Batteries Not Included (5) Space Station Science (6) Back to the Moon (7) Moon Base Alpha (8) Mars of the Mind (9) Robo-Nautics (10) Mission: Possible (11) Mars Live! (12) -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/ss/ss.cfm SHUTTLE - STATION - MOON http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/ss/1/default.cfm All Systems Go! (1) -------------------------------------------------------------- snip -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/ss/6/default.cfm Space Station Science (6) -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/ss/6/1.cfm Liftoff! Space Station Science In this lesson, you will explore specific science experiments being planned and carried out on the International Space Station (ISS). You will use a variety of 3-D and virtual models, interactive games and tutorials, videos, audios, and images to explore the systems and components of the International Space station. Some of the questions you will be able to answer include: How will long-duration spaceflight change the nature of science done in low-Earth orbit? How do the basic physical, chemical, and biological processes and how they behave in microgravity? What benefits will it have for people on Earth? In addition you will look at what life in a weightless environment is like in the chapter, Living Aloft. Finally you will explore some of the cutting edge technologies NASA has studied for the space station and beyond. In the Liftoff section are four chapters to read and enjoy. There are many images, links, videos and interactive models and games to link to on the internet. The Mission section is the activity that you need to turn in via the Comm Link. Don't forget to do the Quick Quiz after you have done the reading. The Extended Mission is a collection of links on the topic that you can use for further information, it is divided up into Activities and Research. When deciding on a final project the extensions are a good way to begin. For your assignment, you will choose an experiment that was done on board the Space Shuttle and redesign the experiment for long duration on the ISS. Chapters in this lesson include: The Laboratories The Research: Zero-G Science Toys in Space Life Science Engineering Research and Technology Living Aloft The Cutting Edge The Next Step ... To The Moon and Mars snip -------------------------------------------------------------- snip -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/ss/6/7.cfm Living Aloft The Human Factor "Life is either a daring adventure or nothing." - Helen Keller snip -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/em/em.cfm EARTH - TO MARS http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/em/7/default.cfm Back to the Moon (7) -------------------------------------------------------------- snip -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/em/11/default.cfm Mission: Possible (11) http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/em/11/object.cfm Objectives Lesson Eleven - Mission: Possible At the end of this lesson, students will be able to assess the physical and psychological impact of long duration space voyages by determining the needs and requirements for the total health of human crews (both physical and psychological) involved in a mission to the planet Mars. Students will be able to determine the requirements of a manned mission to the planet Mars including rationales for why we may first return to the Moon. Students will explore virtual-reality models, 3-D models, videos, online tutorials, and other multimedia links about human missions to Mars to accomplish this. Specifically, upon completion of this unit, students will be able to: Determine mission requirements (time factors) Cite the hazards of radiation and meteoroid impact Identify microgravity issues and Mars (one-third) gravity issues Explain the nutritional and exercise needs of astronauts and/or colonists Describe psychological adaptations and requirements of long-duration spaceflight including, Communications Keeping time Recreation, and Team and interpersonal relationships Justify the need for the prototyping and testing of systems on the Moon Determine the characteristics and requirements of Interplanetary spacecraft In-situ resource utilization Habitats and laboratories Plant growth facilities Mars space suits and tools Rover transportation Determine the characteristics of the ellipse in order to aid in calculating the Holman Transfer. Students will write a 300-word essay addressing one health concern for a human mission to Mars and design a piece of equipment, an apparatus, or a facility that will be needed by future explorers on Mars. Successful knowledge acquisition will be determined by students submission of 300-word essay and a design for a piece of equipment, an apparatus, or a facility that will be needed by future explorers that includes a drawing and a ? page description of how their design works, answering the Mars math questions correctly and by scoring at least 75 percent on the quiz. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- ============================================================== http://www.floridatoday.com/news/space/stories/2004a/spacestoryN0425SPACECON GRESS.htm April 25, 2004 Space plan spices up yearly event BY CHRIS KRIDLER FLORIDA TODAY CAPE CANAVERAL -- The future is a sparkling universe for the speakers at Space Congress this year. President Bush's plan to develop moon and Mars missions, along with such news as China's first human space flight and the shuttles' push to fly again, gave the annual conference a keen sense of purpose. .... The gathering of mostly space professionals runs Tuesday through Thursday at the Radisson Resort at the Port, with a customary golf tournament Friday. Gene Cernan, the last man to walk on the moon, will give a free talk at 9 a.m. Tuesday. Afterward, a high-profile panel will discuss the future of space exploration. ... Mars is a topic bound to attract interest, given the robotic rovers' continuing success. Robert Zubrin of the Mars Society speaks at the Thursday lunch. "Buckle up for a ride, because it will be very dynamic," Fox said. "It should be very fun." A space-science panel is expected to touch on Mars, too, at 3:30 p.m. Tuesday. "This is such an unbelievably, unprecedented time for scientific discoveries in deep space . . . you almost have to pinch yourself," said panel member Jim Garvin, NASA's lead scientist for the moon and Mars. ... The president's initiative mandates development of nuclear-powered spacecraft to help ships go farther, faster. Alan Newhouse, director of NASA's Project Prometheus, will talk about the nuclear push Thursday at 8:30 a.m. "I'll talk about the overall exploration initiative," Newhouse said Thursday, when he visited the local Sierra Club chapter to explain NASA's intentions. NASA has hired the Keystone Center, a nonprofit mediation group, to help the agency understand the concerns people have about nuclear spacecraft. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.floridatoday.com/news/space/stories/2004a/042404congresssked.htm April 24, 2004 41st Space Congress Radisson Resort at the Port, 8701 Astronaut Blvd., Cape Canaveral Space Congress schedule at Radisson Resort at the Port WHICH SEE ABOVE - LRK = -------------------------------------------------------------- ============================================================== 1180 subscribers If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040425/72ca006f/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Fri Apr 23 13:06:19 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Fri, 23 Apr 2004 12:06:19 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Jonathan's Space Report - No. 524 Message-ID: Good day. NASA's Gravity Probe B satellite launched April 20th and I failed to mention it. This has been a very long time in the making and folks I know from the Pioneer missions and Lunar Prospector Mission have been working on it at Stanford University. ------- http://einstein.stanford.edu/ LAUNCH UPDATE & HIGHLIGHTS FOR 20 APRIL 2004: ------- Thought I would make up for my omission by copying Jonathan's Space Report No. 524. He has a lot of other information as well. - LRK - In keeping with the idea of going back to the Moon, we have heard that others have plans to send spacecraft that way and that there is a launch in 2008 suggested in the Bush Vision for Space Exploration. ------ http://www.nasa.gov/missions/solarsystem/explore_main.html The Vision for Space Exploration: http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/55583main_vision_space_exploration2.pdf 1.9 Mb PDF http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/55584main_vision_space_exploration-hi-res.pdf 5.3 Mb PDF ------ Visions and suggestions require funding and that is a discussion not completed. http://www.spacedaily.com/news/spacetravel-04p.html Just to let you know that we are being told, that we will be told, that there is to be a proposal offering for this 2008 time frame, to send an orbiter to the Moon, consider this: ------- Posted: Mar 30, 2004 Center: HQ Title: NOTICE OF INTENT TO RELEASE A SOLICITATION FOR NASA LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER INVESTIGATIONS - MARCH 2004 Solicitation: HBD-03-30-04 Response Due: N/A Synopsis - Posted on Mar 30, 2004 http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eps/synopsis.cgi?acqid=109633 Description The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) intends to release an Announcement of Opportunity (AO) for Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Measurement Investigations in May 2004. These investigations will respond to the overall LRO mission objectives to obtain those measurements necessary and sufficient to characterize future robotic and human lunar landing sites and to identify potential resources, with emphasis on applied science/engineering assessments. The LRO mission will require a variety of instruments to be carried on a spacecraft to be launched in the fall 2008, with a prime mission phase in lunar orbit of at least one Earth year. The launch services and spacecraft will be NASA-provided resources. Proposals in response to this AO will be due 90 days after its formal release. Participation in this AO will be open to all categories of U.S. and non-U.S. organizations, including educational institutions, industry, not-for-profit organizations, Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, NASA Centers and other Government agencies. An extended version of this announcement can be found at "Announcements" at: http://centauri.larc.nasa.gov/LRO/ ------- This is to let folks who are interested in proposing, know that they should start seconded guessing what to propose. You work at getting the document in order based on past proposals and then do a change at the last minute to conform to the page requirements. It takes a long time to put together your participants and design your proposal in a way that hopefully will win in the selection process. When the real Request For Proposal comes out there often is not enough time to do all the work that would be necessary. That 90 days goes quickly. Now if the folks in Hawaii that worked on the "Polar Night" Discovery Mission proposal, pick up on this, they would have a head start. You need a spacecraft bus, instruments, launch vehicle, navigation expertise (would like to get to the Moon and in orbit). ---- http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/ http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/PSRDabout.html http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/moon2002/pdf/3067.pdf (11 kb 1 page PDF file) ---- You need software to handle the returning data and ground antenna support here on Earth. Not an easy task to put a team together and write a winning proposal. Then the fun begins in getting things built, tested, and launched when the Moon is in the right position to get there with least amount of fuel expenditure. ---- See LUNAR PROSPECTOR MISSION DESIGN AND TRAJECTORY SUPPORT. AAS98-323.pdf (387kb PDF file) http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/project/pdf/AAS98-323.pdf ---- And if you are lucky, you get hired to steal the data for a web site to show real time data and let you folks on the Internet watch. Later you end up sending out lunar-update posts. :-) - LRK - ---- http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/datavis/scidata.htm http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/datavis/reports.htm ---- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= Jonathan's Space Report No. 524 2004 Apr 23, Somerville, MA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Space Station Expedition 9 has begun with the Apr 19 launch of Soyuz TMA spacecraft 11F732 No. 214, designated Soyuz TMA-4. Soyuz TMA-4 is transport mission ISS 8S and delivers the Expedition 9 crew of Gennadiy Padalka and Michael Fincke, together with the ESA/Netherlands DELTA mission crewmember Andre Kuipers, to the Space Station. The Dutch astronaut will return to Earth with the Expedition 8 crew of Michael Foale and Aleksandr Kaleri on Soyuz TMA-3, leaving Expedition 9 in charge of the station. Soyuz TMA-4 docked with the nadir port on Zarya at 0501 UTC on Apr 21 and the hatches to the ISS were opened at 0630 UTC. Meanwhile, another gyro on the station has shut down and may require a maintenance spacewalk to replace its failed electronics box. NASA's Gravity Probe B satellite was finally launched on 2004 Apr 20 after 40 years of development. The 3145 kg spacecraft carries 4 gyroscopes kept at 1.8 Kelvin by a liquid helium dewar, laser retroreflectors and 2 GPS receivers for orbit determination, a drag compensation system, and a 14 cm aperture quartz telescope. The challenging physics experiment, developed by Stanford University together with Lockheed Martin, will observe the 5th magnitude star IM Peg for over a year, attempting to measure the tiny shifts in the gyroscopes' orientation caused by the Lense-Thirring gravitomagnetic (or `frame-dragging') effect predicted by general relativity. The frame-dragging caused by the Earth's rotation will make the orbital plane rotate by 40.9 millarcseconds per year. GP-B's polar orbital inclination of 90.01 degrees was chosen to minimize the orbital plane rotation due to the Newtonian effect of the Earth's polar flattening, which is proportional to the cosine of the inclination. GP-B will also make an accurate measurement of the well-established gravitostatic warping of spacetime due to the Earth's mass, which is a much larger effect of 6.6 arcseconds per year in a perpendicular (in-plane) direction. One way of thinking about the gravitomagnetic effect is as a kind of antigravity, in that it decreases the gravitational attraction between two moving masses. Like electromagnetism, it is always smaller (by powers of v/c) than the static gravitational attraction. In electromagnetism, however, the static effect can be (and usually is) cancelled out by having equal amounts of positive and negative electric charges, and so the small relativity effect between moving charges that we call "magnetism" becomes dominant and indeed familiar. Because there are no negative gravitational charges (even antimatter particles have positive mass) this never happens with gravity, ensuring that the antigravity, moving-masses, Lense-Thirring effect is always much less than the normal positive gravity generated by the same masses, and thus doesn't do starship inventors any good. [Warning: I am not a real relativist: there are probably egregious errors in the above description.] In Newtonian physics when a satellite orbits a spherical planet the orbital plane of the satellite `stays put' and the planet `turns underneath it'. It doesn't matter whether or not the planet is rotating. The effect of relativistic frame dragging is to change the meaning of `stays put', rotating the path of a locally freely falling object near the planet with respect to the distant universe. We think of the gravity of the rotating planet dragging spacetime around with it. For a non-polar orbit, it becomes easier to orbit in the direction of rotation than against it, with the equivalent of Kepler's third law becoming inclination-dependent - in some sense a prograde orbit has a lower orbital velocity than a retrograde orbit of the same height, because the mass pulls it around for free. Around a rotating black hole, this effect becomes huge, and the last stable prograde orbit is much closer in than the last stable retrograde orbit. The Delta 7920 rocket entered a 167 x 652 km transfer orbit and then fired again to put GP-B in a 641 x 645 km x 90.01 deg orbit. The second stage then separated and two further burns put it in a 182 x 631 km x 94.56 deg orbit to ensure that it would not recontact GP-B and that it will reenter rapidly. China launched two small satellites from its low-latitude Xichang launch site on Apr 18 into a 599 x 615 km x 97.7 deg polar orbit. This was the first polar launch from Xichang; previous Chinese sun-synchronous missions were from Taiyuan. Shiyan 1 ('Experiment') is a 204 kg microsatellite developed by the Harbin Institute of Technology, with a stereo imager to carry out land resource mapping. Naxing 1 (a contraction of Nami Weixing 'Nanosatellite') is an experimental vehicle with mass under 25 kg to test small satellite technology and was developed by Tsinghua University in Beijing. Pictures of the launch show a fairing similar to the one used for the CZ-2C/SD but given the low total mass of the payloads I'm assuming that no upper stage was used and that the CZ-2C second stage entered orbit; payload deployment was 12 min after launch. Four objects have been cataloged: two objects in the 599 x 615 km orbit are probably Shiyan-1 and Naxing 1, while a third object in a 543 x 619 km orbit is believed by visual observers to be the second stage. Seven debris objects have been cataloged, of which four are probably the second stage separation motor covers. 2004-14D is in a much lower perigee orbit of 350 x 606 km x 97 deg and may have separated prior to second stage vernier cutoff. (It's also possible that 14D is the second stage, and 14C is a third stage insertion motor; at the moment I think this is less likely.) A Lockheed Martin Atlas IIAS, serial AC-163, was launched on Apr 16 into a 150 x 396 km parking orbit and then restarted to reach a 167 x 122343 km x 26.3 deg highly elliptical orbit. It delivered to orbit the Superbird 6 satellite, a Boeing BSS-601 model which will provide Ka and Ku band communications for Japan's Space Communications Corp. with the operational name of Superbird A2. The high apogee orbit will allow Superbird 6 to lower its inclination to equatorial with a minimum usage of fuel, and only then lower its orbital height to the 35780 km geostationary altitude. Once again, Space Command took a long time to issue orbital data; the first elset was issued on Apr 21, giving an orbit of 1137 x 120678 km x 25.48 deg following the initial apogee burns. The Briz from the Eutelsat launch and the Blok DM from the Kosmos-2406 launch have still not been tracked; I gather that Space Command has fewer deep space sensors than it used to, due to budget cuts. Given the increasing importance of deep space `situational awareness', I assume this suprising lack of US capability will be remedied fairly soon. Kosmos-2406 is now being tracked in geostationary orbit at 85.0E. Eutelsat W3A is on station at 1.8E. The Scaled Composites rocket-powered Spaceship One made its second powered flight on Apr 8 to an altitude of 32 km. This altitude has previously been exceeded on a piloted flight by the Ross-Prather 1961 balloon flight, one Ye-66 (modified MiG-21) and two Ye-266 (modified MiG-25) jet flights, several NF-104A Starfighter flights, one X-2 flight, many flights of the X-15 rocketplanes, and of course all spaceflights. Once the Scaled team reaches 37 km it will be closer to record territory: the highest non-X-15 piloted flights I am aware of were Aleksandr Fedotov's 37.7 km MiG E-266M flight on 1977 Aug 31 and Iven Kincheloe's 38.5 km X-2 flight on 1956 Sep 7. There were 70 flights of the X-15 higher than that. Table of Recent Launches ----------------------- Date UT Name Launch Vehicle Site Mission INTL. DES. Mar 2 0717 Rosetta Ariane 5G+ Kourou ELA3 Comet probe 06A Mar 13 0540 MBSAT Atlas IIIA Canaveral SLC36B Comms 07A Mar 15 2306 Eutelsat W3A Proton-M/Briz-M Baykonur PL81 Comms 08A Mar 20 1753 Navstar SVN 59 Delta 7925 Canaveral SLC17B Navigation 09A Mar 27 0330 Kosmos-2406 Proton-K/DM-2? Baykonur PL81 Comms 10A Apr 16 0045 Superbird 6 Atlas IIAS Canaveral SLC36A Comms 11A Apr 18 1559 Shiyan 1 ) CZ-2C Xichang Imaging 12A Naxing 1 ) Tech 12 Apr 19 0319 Soyuz TMA-4 Soyuz-FG Baykonur LC1 Spaceship 13A Apr 20 1657 Gravity Probe B Delta 7920 Vandenberg SLC2W Science 14A .-------------------------------------------------------------------------. | Jonathan McDowell | phone : (617) 495-7176 | | Somerville MA 02143 | inter : jcm at host.planet4589.org | | USA | jcm at cfa.harvard.edu | | | | JSR: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html | | Back issues: http://www.planet4589.org/space/jsr/back | | Subscribe/unsub: mail majordomo at host.planet4589.org, (un)subscribe jsr | '-------------------------------------------------------------------------' ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== 1185 subscribers If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040423/867f5fd8/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Thu Apr 22 01:20:06 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Thu, 22 Apr 2004 00:20:06 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] NASA SEEKS PARTNERSHIP IN DIGITAL IMAGERY Message-ID: I know you want to be a part of what has gone on with NASA and hopefully will get to see what comes in the future. NASA Headquarters is asking for proposals to make available films, videos, pictures that have been taken with the establishment of one or more non-reimbursable agreements that will define the full roles and responsibilities of NASA and the proposing organization(s). This sounds a lot like the Dreamtime Holdings, Incorporated venture that had offices at Ames Research Center and later failed to produce and was terminated. (building now has Carnegie Mellon University offices) I hope that there is a company that can do the job, but it is a big task and I wonder what it will cost us to see the imagery? Ads with every picture? I wonder if this is just one step up from volunteer service? At least you would have access but what if you destroy the only original? Still, they are in refrigerators now and not doing anyone any good. Who has the deep pockets, expertise, and desire to get these on a web site in an interactive form that any student can research? We have some of that now at GRIN. -------------------------------------------------------------- http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ snip GRIN is a collection of over a thousand images of significant historical interest scanned at high-resolution in several sizes. This collection is intended for the media, publishers, and the general public looking for high-quality photographs. Please note that downloading these image files may take some time, although searching and browsing should be relatively quick. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- AND THERE IS THE NASA IMAGE EXCHANGE. - LRK - -------------------------------------------------------------- http://nix.nasa.gov/ NIX -------------------------------------------------------------- Think of what you could do with a digital database that could be converted into 3D presentations. - LRK - Ron Wells, heads up, check your inside sources before control is lost. - LRK - Industrial Light & Magic, need source material for future movies. APOGEE BOOKS, more books, cds. -------------------------------------------------------------- http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eps/synopsis.cgi?acqid=109967 snip Benefits to Corporate Partners In exchange for the creation and facilitation of the digital dissemination and database of NASA imagery, NASA may consider negotiating brand placement, limited exclusivity, such as "official site" designation, and other opportunities as part of this collaboration. Creative concepts from the proposer regarding this opportunity will be considered by NASA, along with the effect that these concepts would have on ongoing programs and projects. For instance, those concepts with minimal NASA labor requirements or with minimal negative impact to the NASA organization and projects will have a higher probability of acceptance. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- THERE IS A LOT OF INFORMATION ON OTHER TASKS THAT NASA IS LOOKING TO FILL IN ADDITION TO THIS ONE. - LRK - -------------------------------------------------------------- http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/nais/index.cgi NASA Acquisition Internet Service http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/nais/link_syp.cgi Links to NASA's Business Opportunities (Procurement Actions) http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eps/bizops.cgi?gr=D&pin=04#109967 HQ Business Opportunities Title: SEEKING OFFERS TO DIGITALLY DISSEMINATE NASA MOTION PICTURE FILM, PHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEO, EXHIBITS AND OTHER MEDIA -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/HQ/OPHQDC/06%2D04%2D2004%2DHBD/listing.html Solicitation number : 06-04-2004-HBD Title : 99--SEEKING OFFERS TO DIGITALLY DISSEMINATE NASA MOTION PICTURE FILM, PHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEO, EXHIBITS AND OTHER MEDIA -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=1940 NASA, Dreamtime Partnership Propels Space Information Age to New Heights [WHAT WAS GOING TO HAPPEN, BUT DIDN'T LAST - LRK - -------------------------------------------------------------- SOUNDED TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE AND WAS. - LRK - -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/business/dreamtime_announce_000602.h tml MOFFETT FIELD, Calif. - NASA has joined the dot-com economy. Agency officials traveled to the heart of California's Silicon Valley on Friday, June 2 to announce that NASA has signed a seven-year deal with an ambitious internet start-up company. Under the terms of the unprecedented deal, Dreamtime Holdings will produce a wide array of space-related multimedia programming for the agency, including at least 30 hours weekly of high-definition television (HDTV) broadcasts from the International Space Station. (SPACE.com first reported details of the deal on Wednesday, May 31.) "We're going to bring space into everyone's hearts, souls and homes," pledged NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin, during a flashy press conference at the agency's Ames Research Center. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- AND MORE EMPHASIS NEEDS TO BE PLACED ON OVERSIGHT AND ACCOUNTABILITY - SO BE AWARE - - LRK - -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oig/hq/Testimony031501.html snip Commercial ventures The 1998 Commercial Space Act established as national policy that the economic development of Earth orbital space is a priority goal of the ISS. NASA is now developing policies and processes intended to stimulate industry investment in ISS economic development. In June 2000, NASA and a newly created company, Dreamtime Holdings, Incorporated, announced a partnership to provide unprecedented public access to space exploration by delivering high-definition television coverage of astronaut activities aboard the ISS, as well as on the Space Shuttle. The partnership is also intended to create an easily accessible, Web-searchable, digital archive of the best of NASA's space imagery. Effective management of the Agreement is essential in order to ensure that the Government's rights and interests are protected. Our ongoing review of the NASA/Dreamtime partnership found that to ensure that the Government's rights and interests are protected, more emphasis needs to be placed on oversight and accountability. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================== -------------------------------------------------------------- Doc Mirelson/Sonja Alexander Headquarters, Washington April 21, 2004 (Phone: 202/358-1600/1761) RELEASE: 04-137 NASA SEEKS PARTNERSHIP IN DIGITAL IMAGERY NASA wants to make the historic imagery captured by the agency's exploration activities accessible to the public. NASA has requested proposals to digitize and consolidate agency analog, still, film, video and graphic imagery for easier public online research and retrieval. A comprehensive database of historical, educational and commercially viable material will be developed by a partnership between NASA and an organization or group. NASA has more than 115,000 film and video titles and millions of still images documenting the history of America's space program. NASA will review proposals from organizations sharing the agency's mission, values and goals that could provide entrepreneurial opportunities, in a nonreimbursable relationship, to provide public access to these vast imagery archives. Through partnerships with the private sector, NASA hopes to continue to inspire the next generation of explorers, while sharing the tremendous archives of imagery gathered during America's exploration of space. For information about this request for proposals on the Internet, visit: http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eps/bizops.cgi?gr=D&pin=04#109967 or http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/HQ/OPHQDC/06%2D04%2D2004%2DHBD/listing.html For information about NASA and agency programs on the Internet, visit: http://www.nasa.gov -end- * * * NASA press releases and other information are available automatically by sending an Internet electronic mail message to domo at hq.nasa.gov. In the body of the message (not the subject line) users should type the words "subscribe press-release" (no quotes). The system will reply with a confirmation via E-mail of each subscription. A second automatic message will include additional information on the service. NASA releases also are available via CompuServe using the command GO NASA. To unsubscribe from this mailing list, address an E-mail message to domo at hq.nasa.gov, leave the subject blank, and type only "unsubscribe press-release" (no quotes) in the body of the message. ============================================================== WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ ============================================================== - - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040422/e801097a/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Mon Apr 19 01:16:37 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Mon, 19 Apr 2004 00:16:37 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Cal Polly Space Systems Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07E2B26F@exchange.prog.altair.com> The beginning of the end of another week. :-) Would like to ask your assistance. It is nice to review history and for some of us, re-live it. We need to make sure we don't reinvent the wheel unless we have better wheels in mind. Still this list was 3600 strong during the Lunar Prospector mission because you were watching the real world happenings as they unfolded. http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/results/index.htm http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/lunarp/ Now that I have been talking about past events and events that might be, there isn't quite the same thrill. Yes we have finally gone back to Mars with orbiters and rovers that are sending back much information, but not enough. This list is now at only 1185 and I think you need to see what is happening now in preparation for going to the Moon and Mars again. You need an emotional high. A lot of preparation goes into these missions and there is a lot of competition. Not everyone gets the contracts. If you get a contract there may be years of preparation before a launch. Then there may be a wait to see if there will even be contracts. One never knows which way the political winds will blow. Sometimes you have to find ways to generate your own business. You start small and hope to gain exposure and generate credibility. You look for sponsors. Someone or some company that may have deep pockets and an interest in what you are doing. We have seen some competing for the X-Prize. Where does that leave students going through school? When you graduate you can't wait for some mission to start years in the future, you need a job now. If you are starting into a degree you are making decisions as to what courses to take and you trying to plan for the future. How do you tell them that they should study orbital mechanics, and how to design rocket engines when there are just so many communication satellites you can put into geosync orbit? Hopefully there is some mission gearing up and you are at an institution that has scientists working on designing instruments and you get in on the ground floor. You make it a career. ------------------------------------------------------------- We need ways to get to space that are affordable and if you want to establish a business in space you are looking for ways to get a return on investment. Not every launch is going to be a government launch. I have mentioned Starcraft Boosters, Inc. before and the students at Cal Poly Space Systems, a volunteer club based at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo have been launching rockets that are helping test the idea of a reusable booster for rockets that can fly back after it has provided its push. More of that below. - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- Now, what I need, is to hear from you about other events that are going on in the now, that are working on real support systems for going to space. I would like to see this readership double. It isn't going to happen unless there is something here that is worth reading about, something that interests you that are looking up. If you are working on project that will help us go to the Moon, Mars and Beyond, let me know. Will, with your permission, share. If you know of someone or some company that is working on items for space, ask them to let me know so that I can share with you. Tell them a thousand folks will read about it. (maybe two thousand :-) I have a stack of books that support going to space. I didn't study orbital mechanics in college. Still trying to get Dave Lozier to teach me. Will work on adding material to the web site as I learn. (takes more work than my copying links. :-( If you have material you would like to share will consider putting up on a web page as well. The links you have passed me can be posted too. Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= http://www.calpolyspacesystems.com/ While still on an emotional high from the success of the StarBooster(tm) project, the 2003-2004 school year for CPSS promises to reach higher and farther than ever before for CPSS. In addition to the continued work on the StarBooster(tm) project, CPSS will be heading in a new direction this year called Rocketoon. Check out our project page for more details. ============================================================= http://aero.cpss.calpoly.edu/media.htm Pictures and Videos in MPEG format. May 17-18, 2003 (Fresno, CA) Video: May 17, 2003 Flight (MPEG Format) May 18, 2003 Flight (MPEG Format) April 12, 2003 (Bakersfield, CA) January 3, 2003 (Paso Robles, CA) May 18th - 19th, 2002 (Fresno, CA) Video: May 2002 Flight (Quicktime Format) May 2002 Flight (MPEG Format, 19.5 MB) March 17th, 2002 (Fresno, CA) December 8th, 2001 May 19th - 20th, 2001 (Fresno, CA) Video: May 2001 Flight (MPEG Format) ============================================================= http://aero.cpss.calpoly.edu/projects.htm Rocketoon Project CPSS has now set its sights on being one of the first private teams to put an object in to space (62.5 Miles). The team is looking to use a balloon to lift a rocket above the dense air in the first 100,000 feet of the atmosphere and then launch the rocket to the edge of space. Using the same process developed from the StarBooster Project, CPSS will start small and build up to the final vehicle. Early flights will test recovery systems and onboard electronic packages on small rockets from ground based launches. Balloon based systems will also be developed in parallel to enable simple, small tests of whole systems only a few hundred feet from the ground. New systems under development for this fall include auto recovery systems to "fly" the rocket back to a predetermined site for easier recovery, advanced remote sensing equipment to monitor all aspects of the flights, a balloon based launch system, and a more robust ground control to receive this new deluge of data and allow team members to easily ascertain the status of the flight in real time. CPSS will begin by launching a rocket weighing approximately 3 lbs from the platform of a small weather balloon using a G size rocket engine. An initial flight test of the rocket and guidance system will take place in October and the first remote launch of a rocket off a small balloon at low altitude will occur in November. CPSS plans to take incremental steps launching larger systems to higher altitude as experience permits. The organization has many years of high power rocket experience and particular expertise in remotely controlled gliders and data acquisition. With this unique blend of aeronautical and aerospace experience and expertise, Cal Poly Space Systems looks to fly to the very edge of space itself. ------------------------------------------------------------- StarBooster(tm) Project The StarBooster(tm) project explores the concept of remotely controlled, fixed wing, flyable booster rockets that exercise a vertical launch followed by aircraft flight and horizontal landing. The Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) application is a fully reusable first stage booster. The first stage RLV lifts a second stage and payload to orbit before flying horizontally back to earth for a runway landing. The rockets have very short turn around times and give access to space a less expensive alternative to expendable launch vehicles and the space shuttle. RLV's represent an idea whose time has come, and CPSS is helping to demonstrate one vision of the future. The vision comes from Starcraft Boosters, Inc., which has designed this completely reusable first stage booster for taking payloads to space. The booster lifts expendable upper stages and payloads to a staging point, then drops off and does a glideback or fly-back to a runway using jet power. Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center are analyzing various configurations of RLV's and were interested in seeing a small scale flight demonstration of the unique StarBooster(tm) configuration. Cal Poly had just the right high power rocket and radio control experience to take on the project. The StarBooster(tm) configuration that CPSS originally used for its subscale demonstrator testing is shown here. The intent of the project is concept validation and data collection during flight that will aid in design and analysis of the full-scale vehicle. The subsonic rocket demonstrators have a conventional vertical launch, and then as the rocket begins its descent after its peak altitude, an R/C control system is used to fly the rocket as a glider to a controlled landing. snip ============================================================= http://www.calpolyspacesystems.com/ Cal Poly Space Systems is a volunteer club based at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo. Originally beginning as an aerospace engineering club, we have since expanded to include engineers and students from all majors. This was required as our projects gradually became more complex and a greater pool of resources was needed. CPSS is a club dedicated to the proliferation of amateur rocketry. Club members also get hands-on experience in rocketry design and materials. ============================================================= http://www.hobbyspace.com/AAdmin/archive/RLV/2003/RLVNews2003-05.html This section contains brief articles concerning developments in the field of reusable launch and space vehicles with links to news sources, NASA, company sites, etc. snip May 27, 2003 Students reuse Starboosters... "Cal Poly Space Systems (CPSS) rocket club from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo successfully launched, recovered, and re-launched a three-rocket cluster with two glideback boosters and a centerstage on May 17-18, 2003 at "Dairy Aire" near Fresno, California." CPSS Turns 2 StarBoosters Around in 24 Hours - Cal. Space Authority - May.20.03 (via ERPS). The 1.5m rocket cluster models the Starbooster design originated by Buzz Aldrin. A 3m single Starbooster also was launched successfully and it executed a horizontal landing safely as well. See the Cal Poly Space Systems home site for more about the project along with images and videos of previous launches. snip ============================================================= http://www.californiaspaceauthority.org/pr030517.html May 17-18, 2003 CPSS Turns 2 StarBoosters Around in 24 Hours Fresno, CA - Cal Poly Space Systems (CPSS) rocket club from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo successfully launched, recovered, and re-launched a three-rocket cluster with two glideback boosters and a centerstage on May 17-18, 2003 at "Dairy Aire" near Fresno, California. "Dairy Aire" is a launch event near Fresno organized by the Central California Tripoli group. Approximately 20 CPSS members ventured out to battle the heat and wind to prepare and launch their rockets. The plan was to launch the cluster vehicle and then launch the "old" orange 10-footer. ============================================================= http://www.californiaspaceauthority.org/pr020520.html May 20, 2002 CPSS Launches and Flies Back Two StarBoosters in a 3-Rocket Configuration Fresno, CA - Cal Poly Space Systems (CPSS) rocket club from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo successfully launched and recovered a three-rocket cluster with two glideback boosters and a centerstage on May 19, 2002 at "Dairy Air" near Fresno, California. Pictured at left is the rocket on ascent. The data-transmitting antenna is visible bending in the wind coming out of the back/top of the yellow StarBooster about halfway up the body from the tail. [Photo by Jeff Engelman.] The rocket system, consisting of two 5-foot StarBoostersTM (yellow and green - Cal Poly colors) strapped to a center stage (white), represents a step on the path to ubiquitous reusable launch vehicles. It lifted off the pad powered by a single Aerotech L-850 motor in the center stage. At apogee after a nearly perfect vertical ascent, the onboard altimeter measured +2073 feet and the pressurized CO2 charge to separate the vehicles was released. At this point, the two StarBoosters were on their own, each under remote radio control by pilots on the ground. Shortly after separation, the parachute on the center white stage was ejected and that segment drifted in as focus shifted to the yellow and green StarBoosters. snip [GO SEE PICTURES AND READ THE REST OF THE ARTICLE - LRK -] ============================================================= http://members.lycos.co.uk/spaceprojects/starbooster.html Starbooster Starcraft Boosters, Inc. has taken a novel approach to reducing the cost of space access. Starcraft Boosters is developing StarBooster, a reusable first stage hypersonic airplane designed to house an existing ELV first stage. By using existing stages, such as the Atlas III or Zenit first stage, Starcraft Boosters believes it can significantly reduce the cost of bringing to market a partially reusable launch vehicle. Once the StarBooster has been developed, it will be mated with existing stages or vehicles to create configurations which are optimized to serve a particular market segment. In its current configuration, the StarBooster will house the first stage of the new Atlas III launch vehicle, powered by the RD-180 rocket engine. The airplane is roughly the size of the Boeing 737 airliner and is expected to have a dry mass of 32 tons (70,000 lbs). The StarBooster is launched vertically and powered by the internally "carried" booster stage. The vehicle burns to depletion, delivering its payload, which is comprised of the expendable upper stages and payload, to near Mach 5 at an altitude of approximately 45 kilometers (150,000 feet). The StarBooster, still housing the expendable Atlas III stage, will then separate from its payload - the expendable upper stage - and decelerate as it re-enters through the Earth's atmosphere. Once the craft has slowed to subsonic speeds, the two air-breathing engines, housed on the back of the StarBooster, air-start and the vehicle cruises approximately 400 kilometers back to its launch site. Both the stage and the aircraft are refurbished to be re-flown, providing a large cost savings over expendable boosters. A number of upper stage combinations have been examined. The first two configurations, which incorporate one and two StarBoosters respectively, utilize Lockheed Martin's existing Athena II launch vehicle. For heavier geosynchronous payloads, the Athena core will be complimented with a cryogenic Centaur stage, resulting in the third StarBooster configuration - known as StarCore I. Further augmentation results in the fourth configuration, know as StarCore II, which utilizes a partially reusable SSME derived LOX / LH2 core to deliver Titan IV type payloads. snip ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== 1185 subscribers If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040419/afc28860/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Sat Apr 17 23:59:27 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Sat, 17 Apr 2004 22:59:27 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] X-15 - then - what next? Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07E2B0EF@exchange.prog.altair.com> The X-15 was mentioned and Doug Pratt reports there is a DVD out that is a fiction film that shows some of the testing for this experimental airplane. - LRK - -----Original Message----- From: Doug Pratt Sent: Saturday, April 17, 2004 1:39 PM To: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Subject: X-15 The fiction film about the testing of the X-15, which was called X-15, has just come out on DVD. The producers worked closely with the Air Force on it, and it has a lot of footage of the plane, while the story goes into at least a few of the problems they encountered during the testing. --------------------------- Not being able to resist asking GOOGLE about the X-15 and remembering some vivid images about rocket sleds and Edwards Air Force Base, did some searches. This kind of airplane was going to go high and fast and get there quickly. That meant the human was going to be subjected to extreme 'G' forces and the plane stressed as well. While attending an instructor school in the Navy I met a Naval photographer that said while testing some of these rocket sled runs there was a need for photographs of the runs. The only way to get them was to take a jet up, tool around until the run was ready, then dive and level off 50 feet above the desert and fly along side the sled as it rocketed down the railway. He said it was most uncomfortable being in a full pressure suit and being subjected to the pull out 'G' force while trying to hold a camera up and shoot high speed film out the cockpit. He did a number of these runs. Just one of the many support personnel you don't hear about. Then again, you may have heard about some, like Neil Armstrong. --------------------------- http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/armstrong.html Seven flights in the X-15 and in Gemini 8, the first docking in space by two vehicles. http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/gemini_docking .html http://www.geocities.com/armstrong_tribute/apollo/gemini.html Gemini VIII successfully docked with Gemini Agena target vehicle GATV-6 hours 34 min after liftoff. http://www.geocities.com/armstrong_tribute/ On July 16, 1969, Armstrong, along with Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., and Michael Collins, blasted off in the Apollo 11 vehicle toward the Moon. --------------------------- Take a look at some of the links below and just think about how many more links might be generated by going back to the Moon and on to Mars. (Some will say straight to Mars. :-) I will be happy to see some robotic missions to the Moon and a lot more to Mars too. We need to know what is there before sending humans and we need to know why we are going. Preserve humanity is one reason I can think of, you may have others. It is not going to be done by one person or one company, but will require many if not thousands. This is a big time adventure, should you chose to support it. (The adventure should be larger than politics too, but I suppose we will have to put up with some of that too.) Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= http://www.sierrafoot.org/x-15/x-15.html >From 1959 through 1968 a decade-long research program employed the North American Aviation X-15 to explore hypersonic flight and technologies needed for space flight. The X-15's pioneering flights set records that still have not been broken four decades later, including a top speed of Mach 6.7 (4,520 mph) and a peak altitude of 354,200 feet (67 miles). While doing this it gathered engineering and scientific data needed to develop new families of aircraft and spacecraft, including the Space Shuttle. Beyond the aircraft is the human story, the people who made this research program a remarkable success. Many of the X-15 test pilots achieved fame, but not without risk and adventure -- One pilot died, another was gravely injured. Beyond the test pilots were literally hundreds of others who each contributed special talents and skills that were essential to the program. This set of web pages seeks to document the history and tell the stories of the X-15 program in ways not entirely possible in printed media and to provide content not yet available in other web resources. Site content will continue to grow in the coming years. snip ============================================================= http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/x15/cover.html X - 15 Hypersonic Research at the Edge of Space This joint program by NASA, the Air Force, the Navy, and North American operated the most remarkable of all the rocket research aircraft. Composed of an internal structure of titanium and a skin surface of a chrome-nickel alloy known as Inconel X, the X-15 had its first, unpowered glide flight on June 8, 1959, while the first powered flight took place on September 17, 1959. Because of the large fuel consumption of its rocket engine, the X-15 was air launched from a B-52 aircraft at about 45,000 ft and speeds upward of 500 mph. The airplane first set speed records in the Mach 4-6 range with Mach 4.43 on March 7, 1961; Mach 5.27 on June 23, 1961; Mach 6.04 on November 9, 1961; and Mach 6.7 on October 3, 1967. It also set an altitude record of 354,200 feet (67 miles) on August 22, 1963, and provided an enormous wealth of data on hypersonic air flow, aerodynamic heating, control and stability at hypersonic speeds, reaction controls for flight above the atmosphere, piloting techniques for reentry, human factors, and flight instrumentation. The highly successful program contributed to the development of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo piloted spaceflight programs as well as the Space Shuttle program. The program's final flight was performed on October 24, 1968. snip AND THEN THERE WERE THE ROCKET SLEDS - LRK - ============================================================= http://www.edwards.af.mil/moments/docs_html/59-05-13.html To commemorate the Air Force Flight Test Center, which was established June 25, 1951, the AFFTC History Office recalled some of the milestones in flight that took place here during the last half century. By Dr. Raymond L. Puffer Air Force Flight Center historian ============================================================= http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-60/ch-3.html snip There were many other new and peculiar conditions for the pilots to face. Altogether, they would be tackling the most demanding task ever encountered in piloted aircraft. Some of the control-system and physical characteristics were tailored to their capabilities to attain the desired airplane-pilot combination. While the pilot is an integral part of the concept, with maximum provision made for his safety, he needs to be able to escape from unforeseen hazardous conditions. The difficulty, in the case of the X-15, was that to create a system that would protect the pilot during escape anywhere within the flight corridor or above it would require a development program nearly as large as that of the airplane. It would also require a prohibitive increase in airplane weight. The result was that an over-all escape capability was not provided. The airplane itself was regarded as the best protective device for the pilot at high speeds. At low speeds, he could use an ejection seat similar to that used in most military aircraft. But "low speed" for the X-15 is 2000 mph, and to provide for escape over this much of the corridor required a state-of-the-art advance in escape systems. Extensive wind-tunnel and rocket-sled testing was necessary to achieve an aerodynamically stable ejection seat. Another major effort was required to provide protection for the pilot against windblast during ejection. Finally, the desired escape capability was provided by a combination of pressure suit and ejection seat. snip The prime objective of the X-15 program has remained flight research, however. By the time of the first flight, much had already been learned about hypersonic flow by focusing the talents of many men on X-15 problems. Many of the worries over flight above the atmosphere had been dispelled. Yet hypersonic, exo-atmospheric, and reentry-flight research was still a vague and obscure world. Were the problems imagined or real? And what of those problems that man cannot foresee? The X-15 team was shure of only one thing. The problems would come to light through probing the flight corridor, until all the interactions among aerodynamics, structure, stability, systems, and pilot control had been forced into view, and the adequacy or inadequacy of man's knowledge and capability revealed. http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-60/toc.html ============================================================= http://www.arnold.af.mil/aedc/factsheets/vkf/vkf.htm The von Karman Gas Dynamics Facility Wind Tunnels Arnold Engineering Development Center, (AEDC) located in southern Middle Tennessee, is the nation's largest aerospace ground test facility complex. The complex includes 58 aerodynamic and propulsion wind tunnels, rocket and turbine engine test cells, space environmental chambers, arc heaters, ballistic ranges, and other specialized test units. Twenty-seven of the test units have capabilities unmatched in the United States and 14 have capabilities unmatched in the world. Using its ground test facilities, AEDC supports propulsion, aerodynamic, reentry, trans-atmospheric and space-flight systems testing. snip A model of the X-15 rocket shown in AEDC's von Karman Gas Dynamics Facility wind tunnel A. The X-15 underwent air worthyness and stability testing in the late 1950s. AEDC played a major role in the development of the X-15 and continues to provide instrumental aeronautical tests for U.S. military, NASA, and commercial air and space craft. snip ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040417/90025464/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Fri Apr 16 20:28:34 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Fri, 16 Apr 2004 19:28:34 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Looking Back-Who Remembers the Navaho? Message-ID: We sometimes complain that we haven't gone back to the Moon and that nothing is being done to get us there. When you look at the history of some of the research that went into rocket programs that were canceled, you see that not all was lost, but that many parts were used in later programs. Another item is that companies can go and their legacy lives on in other companies too. Take a look at what Vic Johnson found in some of his old magazines and a few more bits that GOOGLE helped me with. - LRK - History is with us and helps us along the way to the future. At least one hopes so. Next week will help judge a Space Settlement Design Contest at Ames and the kids have access to some of those old books written when we thought we might go to space. http://lifesci3.arc.nasa.gov/SpaceSettlement/Contest/ http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/colonies.html http://lifesci3.arc.nasa.gov/SpaceSettlement/ To get to space means you have to get up, up, and away from Earth. Rockets come to mind to help with that and there have been many ideas of just how to do that. Hope folks are looking at what has been tried before and know how to build on that. - LRK - Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= Larry This is a bit long but interesting history. Vic ------------------------------------------------------------- Looking Back-Who Remembers the Navaho? In the fall of 1958, Martin Caiden and James L. Quinn launched a new magazine called SPACE AGE. It wasn't the first magazine of this genre, but it promised to be the best, the most compelling: "SPACE AGE is the definitive voice of our new world," said the magazine's mission statement (Vol. 1, No. 1, November 1958). "It is your doorway to the giant testing areas, to the excitement of the launching pad, the grim reality of weapons development, the exultation of deeds accomplished. As its name implies, SPACE AGE is the whole story, the true story, the fascinating story of Tomorrow." Caiden, already a recognized authority on aircraft and the burgeoning aerospace technology was part of Wernher Von Braun's team in 1955 at Cape Canaveral. Known as much for his visionary science fiction works (The Long Night, Cyborg, two Indiana Jones novels, etc.) as well as nonfiction (Air Force, Golden Wings, Kill Devil Hill: Discovering the Secrets of the Wright Brothers, etc.), Caiden became one of the earliest and most enthusiastic pitchman for the space program. "The First Man into Space!" appeared in the initial issue of SPACE AGE. Although the article is not attributed to any one author it was undoubtedly written by Caiden. It begins with a retrospect on the Navaho program and later segues into a long description of the X-15 project. ". . . We had seen the rest of the Cape, and then moved into the Navaho launch area," said Caiden. "We knew the bird was a sleek giant in her own right, a canard design with a butterfly-vee tail, two massive ramjets to carry the missile several times the speed of sound, soaring to 90,000 feet, over a range of 5,000 miles. To reach the altitude and speed where her ramjets could fire, Navaho was shackled to a massive booster, a rocket needle with three giant motors, delivering a total of 405,000 pounds thrust. The booster lifted her from the launching cradle, rose ponderously, majestically, carrying the enormous load into thin, cold air. In the first tests the Air Force fired a smaller version of its intercontinental-reaching beast. On these flights an intermediate booster with two motors delivering 270,000 pounds thrust, carried the giant aloft. . . ." But the first flight tests were not completely successful. "The booster was balky. The new and untried electronic circuits didn't always act as they were suppose to, And then when the booster did function properly, hurling the sleek Navaho high above the earth, the giant ramjets spun helplessly without ignition. The booster separated on schedule, tumbled slowly, and fell away, flame pouring from tanks ruptured by the stress of tumbling flight. For brief moments the Navaho rushed ahead, spurred on by sheer momentum. Then, powerless, she began to fall, her great engines silent. Out of sight of the mainland, seen only through a tracking camera, she splashed into the Atlantic, and sank forever. "Then North American Aviation, which had labored on the Navaho program since early 1946, was struck with the devastating news that the entire Navaho project had been canceled. . ." The Navaho project was over, but North American was permitted to launch "those beasts on hand." "It was a frustrating permission," Caiden said, "until this moment, not a single Navaho had been fired successfully. and when canceled the giant ramjet missiles screeched into the sky, ignited successfully, cast free from their boosters, and howled through the stratosphere on high supersonic flights. "Then it was over. Seven Navahos were left, and these were ordered into mothballs. Six hundred and ninety million dollars spent-and everything was closed out." Caiden then predicts that once the initial flight tests of the North American Aviation X-15 have been completed and the dispute between North American and the United States Air Force is settled as to whether test pilot Scott Crossfield or USAF Captain Ivan C. Kinchloe would have the honors of jockeying the X-15 through its first extreme altitude hypersonic flight the X-15 will be "mated with the Navaho booster system [SM-64]," and achieve earth orbital altitude and velocity. That orbital flight is described in detail. "How long the pilot will remain in orbit during this first satellite ascent has not yet been revealed by the Air Force," said Caiden. Even as the premier issue of SPACE AGE was being planned changes were taking place that would make Caiden's boldly imagined scenario of the first manned space flight just so much speculative fiction. On October 1, 1958, the the National Aeronautics and Space Agency superseded the long-established National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. One week later NASA Administrator T. Keith Glennan gave the go-ahead to Project Mercury, America's first manned space flight program. Twenty years later the Space Shuttle vertical booster configuration hauntingly resembled the early Navaho design, and Caiden's vision of the X-15 "mated with the three-barreled Navaho booster." -Vic Johnson ============================================================= Navaho http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/navhox15.htm ---------------------------------------------- Winged orbital launch vehicle. Year: 1959. Family: Navaho. Country: USA. Manufacturer: North American. North American proposed several methods of taking the X-15 spaceplane to higher velocities and altitudes. One of these involved the use of one to three Navaho booster rockets, which could even place the X-15 into orbit. This incremental approach to manned spaceflight was not pursued - the Mercury and X-20 Dynasoar programs were favored instead. ============================================================= http://www.aerospaceguide.net/x-15.html X-15 Experimental Spaceplane The X-15 was air launched from a B-52. The X-15 had its first unpowered glide flight on June 8, 1959 and final flight was performed on October 24, 1968. X-15 had 199 missions. There were plans to use the X-15 as a spaceplane to be launched at the top of a rocket. SEE X-15 LINKS - LRK - ============================================================= Space Launch Report http://www76.pair.com/tjohnson/navaho1.html NAVAHO SUPERSONIC "PILOTLESS BOMBER": U.S. SPACE TECHNOLOGY INCUBATOR The Navaho project, an effort to develop a supersonic, intercontinental-range, ramjet powered "pilotless bomber", was a failure in the sense that more than $300 million (1950s dollars) was spent and no missiles were deployed. The project did, however, foster the development of North American Aviation's Rocketdyne Division. Rocketdyne developed a series of advanced liquid rocket engines for Navaho's boosters. When ballistic missile funding became a priority, Rocketdyne's already-in-production engines were used. An early Navaho rocket engine found its way into the Redstone missile. Modified versions of the more powerful Navaho G-38 rocket engine powered Atlas, Jupiter, and Thor. Navaho's booster engine, heavily modified over the years, had, by 1998, boosted more than half of all U.S. space missions. The Navaho project, conceived during the late 1940s, went through several metamorphoses. An early Navaho concept, a canard-configured, delta-winged, dual ramjet powered intermediate range cruise missile boosted by a new, tail-mounted liquid rocket engine, entered the hardware phase and was nearing test flight when the effort was shelved in early 1950s. The missile rocket engine, based on captured V-2 engines given to NAA, survived to power the U.S. Army Redstone ballistic missile. In the early 1950s, the Navaho project coalesced into a new three-phase effort. Phase 1 involved the design, construction, and test flight of several X-10 turbojet powered, remotely controlled vehicles. X-10 tested Navaho's radical canard-configured-delta-wing-with-canted-twin-tail aerodynamics at supersonic speeds; first at Edwards AFB, California, and then at Cape Canaveral. X-10 also tested Navaho's gyroscopic all-inertial autonavigator/autopilot by flying under its own control on a prescribed course for extended periods. X-10 "pilots" would control the vehicles during take off and landing from a ground station and from a chase plane. Aerodynamically slick, and powered by two jet engines, X-10 at one point set a speed record for turbojet powered aircraft. Landing and radio control failures destroyed several X-10s, however. Phase 2 included the design, development, and test of the 2,500 mile range Mach 2.75 XSM-64 (G-26) "pilotless bomber". A powerful twin-thrust-chamber liquid rocket booster propelled the supersonic missile to ramjet startup speed about one minute after a vertical launch. Four thrust vector control vanes extending into the G-26 booster exhaust provided pitch/yaw/roll control during the boost phase. The booster drag-separated upon burnout. Navaho G-26 launches began on 6 November 1956, months before most of the ballistic missile pads at the Cape were in operation. Ballistic missilery soon caught up with and passed Navaho, however. The first two G-26 flights failed and the third ended abruptly with a massive on-pad explosion. By the time the fourth XSM-64 (G-26) test launch (shown above) commenced from Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 9 on 26 June 1957, the project was nearing cancellation. This flight, involving Booster No. 8 and Missile No. 3 (AF53-8270), failed when the missile ramjets did not ignite after the boost phase. Some sources blame the failure on a booster malfunction. Other sources blame it on the ramjets. Phase 3 of the Navaho project involved the development of the 5,000 mile range Mach 3.25 XSM-64A (G-38) intercontinental range missile. A much more powerful three-chamber liquid rocket booster would have boosted the bigger G-38 missile to ramjet startup speed. The booster engines would have gimbaled to provide pitch, yaw, and roll control during the boost phase. G-38 never flew, but NAA built some booster and missile hardware and extensively tested the rocket engines. snip Space Launch Report MUCH MORE AND VERY INTERESTING WHAT DEVELOPED FROM VARIOUS PARTS OF THIS PROGRAM. CHECK OUT THE REST OF THIS REPORT. - LRK - ============================================================= http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/NorthAmerican/Aero37.htm snip North American in the late 1950s experienced several setbacks, partly because of its dependence on government business. The F-107 and the F-108 Rapier interceptor programs were both cancelled, as was the Navajo intercontinental ballistic missile program. Efforts to diversify resulted in shrinking aircraft production until, with the delivery of the last F-100 in 1959, the manufacture of major combat airplanes stopped. At the end of the 1950s, the remaining production programs at Columbus were the T-2 Buckeye jet trainer, which enjoyed a long production life, and the supersonic A-5 Vigilante. The company also produced the OV-10 Bronco attack plane for the military and for export, and the T-39 Air Force utility aircraft and crew trainer, which led to a business jet version. Although successful, they were insufficient to offset what the company had lost in larger programs. A high point was the X-15. North American received the contract in 1955 to build this research airplane. Its first flight took place in 1959. Designed to conduct research beyond the Earth's atmosphere, it achieved higher speeds and faced greater heat levels than ever before encountered. Lee Atwood, installed as chief executive in 1960, decided to focus on the space program. The decision paid off, at least for the duration of the Apollo program. In 1961, the company beat Martin Marietta for the Apollo Moon-landing vehicle contract. North American also developed much of the Saturn V launch vehicle. In January 1967 a launch pad fire killed three Apollo astronauts. The subsequent investigations subjected the company to severe criticism of its technical and managerial competence and motivated it to proceed with a merger that had been discussed some years earlier. In March 1967, North American merged with Rockwell Standard Corporation, becoming North American Rockwell (NAR). With the merger, the company could take advantage of Rockwell's other areas of business and expertise. snip ============================================================= http://www.boeing.com/history/bna/chron.html North American Chronology http://www.boeing.com/history/bna/index.html North American History http://www.boeing.com/history/bna/navaho.htm NAVAHO MISSILE First flight: Nov. 6, 1956 In October 1945, the Army Technical Services Command asked aeronautical corporations in the United States to design a guided missile. Consolidated Vultee proposed the MX-774, which would become the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile. North American Aviation proposed the MX-770, the Navaho - a 500-mile-range missile with greater accuracy than the German-built V-2. Although the Air Force canceled the Navaho program in 1957, in its 10 years of existence, the Navaho made many key technological breakthroughs. The X-10 Navaho test drone was the first turbojet-powered vehicle to reach Mach 2 and the first aircraft to fly a complete mission under inertial (computerized) guidance. Its booster engine set a record by producing 405,000 pounds of thrust. The X-10 was the only missile to be classified as an "X" plane and completed more than 20 flights. Phase two of the nuclear Navaho development program was the G-26 drone missile, which would prove the vertical launch system. The G-26 required the development of the largest ramjet engines built, an auxiliary power unit to power the missile's electronics and hydraulics, and a more effective autonavigator unit, the N-6 or NAVAN (North American Vehicle Auto Navigation). The Navaho program was canceled in July 1957 when, after extensive testing at Cape Canaveral, Fla., the Atlas ICBM was chosen over winged missile designs. On July 13, 1998, exactly 41 years from the day when the Navaho was canceled, and after two years restoring the X-10, the Air Force Space and Missile Museum rolled out the only Navaho missile in existence and placed it on display. Navaho Data http://www.boeing.com/history/bna/navahodata.htm | Back to Post-War Developments http://www.boeing.com/history/bna/postwar.html snip In 1955, the Navaho program ended, but experience gained during that project engendered several new divisions at North American: Autonetics, Rocketdyne, Atomics International, and Missile Development. Missile Development would, in December 1960, become the Space Information Systems Division. Autonetics began in 1957 when a Missiles Project Group in engineering at NAA 's Columbus, Ohio, division worked on adapting the Navaho's navigation unit for use on the Nautilus submarine; it helped the vessel make the first under-ice passage of the North Pole in 1958. In 1960, the Missile Project Group was awarded its first major contract -- a $4 million program to develop, fabricate and flight test the Redhead/Roadrunner, a Mach 2 high- and low-level target missile. snip ============================================================= http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Aviation North American Aviation >From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040416/2c3fda13/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Wed Apr 14 01:48:33 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Wed, 14 Apr 2004 00:48:33 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Resilient Rocks - NASA Science News for April 13, 2004 Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07D6F2AC@exchange.prog.altair.com> Resilient Rockets http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2004/13apr_gradient.htm?list1092213 [If this wraps poorly you can just go to Science @ NASA Home page: http://science.nasa.gov and click on the Space Ferry picture. - LRK - ] If you aren't getting the notices of new information at Science at NASA you are really missing out on interesting science. The thought of going to space can inspire our up and coming student scientists. Read the article and don't forget to check the "Editors Note" at the bottom of the article. Ever leave a pan on the stove and have it melt through? What do you do when you find your pots being eaten up when placed in a vacuum furnace? What new products come from the solution? The last sentence in the Editor's note says it all, "You never know where basic research will lead!" :-) - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- http://science.nasa.gov/OurSites.htm Science @ NASA's motto is to Inform, Inspire, and Involve. To achieve our goal, we produce materials at multiple reading levels, languages and for multiple purposes. We hope that once informed, you will be inspired to get involved! Want to meet the team? http://science.nasa.gov/Sci-team/team.html Ron Koczor ------------------------------------------------------------- WHAT NEW PRODUCTS WILL COME FROM SINTERED REGOLITH ON THE MOON? - LRK - http://www.permanent.com/i-sinter.htm ? 4.3.2 Sintering of Lunar and Asteroidal Minerals http://www.asi.org/adb/06/09/03/02/089/shelter-on-the-moon.html Shelter on the Moon http://fti.neep.wisc.edu/neep602/lecture12.html Title: Resources of the Moon: Indigenous http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_return/LTaylor.pdf (37 page, 3.9 MB must see ) ISRU on the Moon by Larry by Larry Taylor http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/DOCS/EIC049.HTML SINTERING BRICKS ON THE MOON http://leme.anu.edu.au/Pubs/Advancesinregolith/Turner_et_al.pdf (5 page, 575 KB) TOWARDS MODELLING REGOLITH PERMEABILITY WITH HIGH RESOLUTION X-RAY ... A LOT OF VACUUM ON THE MOON - HOW TO USE IT - REFURBISH YOUR ROCKET ENGINES HERE - LRK- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= NASA Science News for April 13, 2004 Spacecraft and automobiles could benefit from a new NASA technology that protects the insides of scorching-hot engines. FULL STORY at http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2004/13apr_gradient.htm?list1092213 Through volunteer translation, at least some Science at NASA stories are translated into 9 languages. Learn more at http://science.nasa.gov/OtherLanguages.htm Check out our RSS feed at http://science.nasa.gov/rss.xml! [ This is an RSS file. You'll need an RSS reader, like the ones at http://blogspace.com/rss/readers to make use of the information. ] - LRK - - snip - Home page: http://science.nasa.gov ============================================================ WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040414/8bc46da7/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Tue Apr 13 01:46:41 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (Larry Kellogg) Date: Tue, 13 Apr 2004 00:46:41 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] WebQuest - If you were a teacher and had access to the Internet - could you - Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07D6EE72@exchange.prog.altair.com> Get kids interested in space by doing web searches? The eyes are getting blurry. Too much looking at a screen doing web searches. :-) Been thinking about Hans Kalff's suggestions for using the web to answer questions and playing with the science search engine at Scirus - http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/ There I happened upon research being done to improve the use of computers to help design a Lunar Habitat. This is Gerry Stahl's work on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.cis.drexel.edu/faculty/gerry/index.html Home Page http://www.cis.drexel.edu/faculty/gerry/publications/proposals/index.html Proposals http://www.cis.drexel.edu/faculty/gerry/publications/dissertations/index.htm l Dissertations http://www.cis.drexel.edu/faculty/gerry/publications/dissertations/computer/ index.html INTERPRETATION IN DESIGN: THE PROBLEM OF TACIT AND EXPLICIT UNDERSTANDING IN COMPUTER SUPPORT OF COOPERATIVE DESIGN ------------------------------------------------------------- All very deep and in pdf format a 477 document. - LRK - --------------------------------------------- A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Computer Science 1993 --------------------------------------------- In reading that and doing some other searches, hit upon the topic of WebQuest, a format for using the web as a tool to interest students and help them learn how to do research on the Web. That topic on Scirus found 52,527 references. If you add WebQuest Lunar as search criteria, you got 191 matches, and if you added Habitat, - WebQuest Lunar Habitat - there were 23 matches. With GOOGLE - WebQuest Lunar Habitat - there were 74. By this time I had started looking at some of the links and the afternoon has turned into evening. I am going to help judge a Space Settlement Design contest again this year on April 20th and one of the WebQuest presentations has designing a Space Settlement as the topic. Small world (or space if you care to go there) http://www.nas.nasa.gov/Services/Education/SpaceSettlement/ Let me put a few links below and let you think about what you might accomplish in a school nearby for teaching kids how to think about space, going to the Moon, Mars, and the Stars, and just how you need to organize your thoughts to solve problems. Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= http://webquest.org/ Friday, March 26, 2004 Tech-Savvy Schools Struggle to Keep Their Edge Here's a just-unearthed story from the NovemberCalifornia Educator: "While some argue that technology has replaced critical thinking, students in Connie Martin's eighth-grade English class combine both of them with aplomb. Divided into groups for a 'Webquest,' students use laptop computers to research the ethics of animal research in preparation for assuming the roles of research scientist, animal rights activist and medical doctor. Along with a written report, they will deliver oral reports in front of the class, which will be recorded by fellow students. ------------------------------------------------------------- http://webquest.sdsu.edu/ The WebQuest Page http://webquest.sdsu.edu/overview.htm This site is designed to serve as a resource to those who are using the WebQuest model to teach with the web. By pointing to excellent examples and collecting materials developed to communicate the idea, all of us experimenting with WebQuests will be able to learn from each other. A WebQuest is an inquiry-oriented activity in which most or all of the information used by learners is drawn from the Web. WebQuests are designed to use learners' time well, to focus on using information rather than looking for it, and to support learners' thinking at the levels of analysis, synthesis and evaluation. The model was developed in early 1995 at San Diego State University by Bernie Dodge with Tom March, and was outlined then in Some Thoughts About WebQuests. Since then, scores of workshops have been offered to teachers on the format, by instructors who made use of the resources on this site. If WebQuests are new to you, we hope you'll find these pages helpful. Clearly, the word is getting out. The WebQuest Page is now getting over 1700 hits/day! ------------------------------------------------------------- http://webquest.sdsu.edu/materials.htm Reading and Training Materials ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.macomb.k12.mi.us/wq/webqindx.htm WebQuest These lessons are based on a concept developed by Bernie Dodge of San Diego State University. Some of these Index of Lessons ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.plainfield.k12.in.us/hschool/webq/webq65/ SWEET HOME, OUTER SPACE a WebQuest on Space Settlements By Rhue Anne Cosgrove & Lisa Lintner-Sizemore ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.lakelandschools.org/EDTECH/leslie/space.htm Space Survival Challenge Introduction You are a member of a spaceship crew scheduled to meet with a mother ship on the lighted surface of the moon. Because of an energy failure, you and your 2 crewmates had to crash land about 300 kilometers from the mother ship. During reentry and landing much of the equipment aboard was damaged. Only eight items of equipment were left undamaged. Since survival depends upon reaching the mother ship as soon as possible, the most critical items must be chosen to help you get back to the mother ship. ------------------------------------------------------------- http://library.trinity.wa.edu.au/subjects/science/astronomy/moon.htm The Moon ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.ozline.com/webquests/intro.html Why WebQuests?, an introduction Tom March Intro ? Why WebQuests? ? Process & Access ? Choosing a WebQuest Introduction to the Web The impact of the Internet and the World Wide Web on popular culture is not hard to measure. Tally the jargon that's made it into our everyday language: 'Net-surfing, info superhighway, Web site, chat room, cyber, browser, online, homepage, HTML and @. If the Web has reached such broad public awareness, how do you think it's touched the lives of our trend-tracking students? In fact, people have begun referring to today's students as Generation Dot Com. So even if the Web bore no educational value, we as teachers would need to come to terms with it to understand our students' world and frame of reference. The good news is that the Web is not just helpful to education, but, used effectively, it can revolutionize student learning. Back in the early days of the Web (was it really only 1995?), Professor Bernie Dodge began developing the WebQuest strategy at San Diego State University to help teachers integrate the power of the Web with student learning. I was fortunate to count Bernie as a mentor and colleague, so we began creating sample WebQuests and putting them online for teachers and students around the world to use. Three years of working in offices across the hall from each other, occasionally teaching together and frequently ruminating over drafts of chapters and online WebQuests, Bernie created The WebQuest Page and I contributed a handful of WebQuests to Pacific Bell's Knowledge Network Explorer. What follows is an introduction to some key ideas behind WebQuests. But before jumping into the whys and hows of WebQuests, it's important to make sure you have a good conceptual understanding of the World Wide Web and its aspects that support student learning. ------------------------------------------------------------- http://school.discovery.com/schrockguide/webquest/webquest.html A WebQuest is defined, by Bernie Dodge at San Diego State University, as "an inquiry-oriented activity in which some or all of the information that learners interact with comes from resources on the Internet." I find it the perfect model for teachers searching for ways to incorporate the Internet into the classroom on both a short-term and long-term basis. Following is a 16-slide Powerpoint presentation based on the information found at Mr. Dodge's site. (Also available as a PDF file.) For clarification and further explanation, samples of short-term WebQuests, and a template for teachers to use, go visit "The Web Quest Page". ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.ouc.bc.ca/tltc/tr/webquest/elemscience.htm Science WebQuests ------------------------------------------------------------- ANYONE USING THE WebQuest - inquiry-oriented activity in your schools? ANYONE HAVE A WebQuest to design a Lunar Habitat and the base of the Mountain of Eternal Light? ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040413/43dd10fd/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Mon Apr 12 20:24:30 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (Larry Kellogg) Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 19:24:30 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Buzz Aldrin in New Zealand Message-ID: Geoff Heaps sent me two articles from New Zealand Thanks Geoff, thoroughly enjoyed them. Hope the rest of you will too. Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= Hello Larry Thought these articles from our local press may be of interest to you. I enjoy your lunar updates. Kind regards Geoff Heaps ------------------------------------------------------------- Second man on Moon enthusiastic advocate of space tourism 12 April 2004 By ANNA CLARIDGE in WANAKA Three things strike you when legendary astronaut Buzz Aldrin walks into the room. First, he does not walk, he swaggers. His Apollo 11 jacket is polished and preened, and he swings into the room like a movie star - sporting perfectly ironed tan corduroys and matching moccasins. Second, his skin is perfect to the point of transparent. No blemishes, no craters, and no sign of the 74 years chalked up by the second man to walk on the moon. Finally, he is all-American. From the drawl "well, good morning, I'm very excited to be here in the South Island of New Zeeeland" - right down to his all-American blonde-haired, blue-eyed wife Lois, and the grandson following in Grandpa's footsteps at the Alabama (drawl) space camp. Aldrin was the star attraction at Easter weekend's Warbirds over Wanaka. When The Press finally gained access to him, he was a glowing advocate for space exploration and a dutifully gushing tourist to our shores. "I'm thrilled to be here. I visited New Zealand for the first time 20 years ago. My younger son and I were on a world trip. We visited a small town in the northern island. "That's where I first learned you don't raise sheep on a ranch, you raise them on a farm. The other two things that struck me about New Zealand on that trip were that the bath tubs are tremendous that you build here - so long - and that the flies are enormous." It seems odd to describe the second man to walk on the moon as down to earth but few phrases would sum up his approach better. He jokes, he reminisces, and when questioned on the biological impact on the human body of living on Mars, he spews forth enough of his own scientific research to impress even the most astute Nasa scientist. In short, he is a Nasa public relations dream. Aldrin began his career flying Sabre jets in the Korean conflict, shooting down two Mig 15s. He went on to earn a doctorate in astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in manned space rendezvous. In 1963, he joined Nasa and just six years later set foot on the Moon. His achievements are well-documented and his eyes still twinkle even when asked the perennial question: how did it feel up there? "I can remember looking at the Moon as a stranger. Now it's a bit more of a friend. There is no way to simulate seeing rocks, crystal clear, a velvet black sky, sun so brilliant you can't see the stars. The Earth looks a long way away. That's home, a little blue, brown thing in the distance. And you think, `apart from the three of us up here, everyone else is back there'." There has been endless speculation over apparent friction between Aldrin and the first man to walk on the moon, Neil Armstrong, but Aldrin, the bridesmaid, is philosophical. "The memory of the first steps on the moon were reserved by seniority so it was not up to me coming down 20 minutes later to be clever and inventive and historical about utterances. The thoughts I had were what do we do and how can we not do something wrong that will be regretful." There is a hint of disdain in the otherwise perfectly spoken American's voice. He quickly moves the conversation along. "The moments I want to remember are the few seconds after we saw the contact (with the lunar surface) button light up and we looked at each other and it was a moment of relief, pride, and satisfaction." Aldrin will go down in history for his part in the Moon landing, and he is keen to push space exploration on future generations. He is an advocate of space tourism, and speaks fondly about his good friend Dennis Tito - the first space tourist thanks to a hefty cheque to the Russian space programme. "What came from Dennis's trip was the word Space Tourism. It is a word that is easy to ridicule and it was called the giggle factor but I really believe we can open up space to more than just test pilots or engineers." He speaks quite seriously about encouraging the US government into investing in a nationwide lottery to find the next space tourist. He goes as far to suggest a television game show could lift the profile of space exploration. "I was surprised by the popularity of Who Wants to be a Millionaire and I thought, `why don't we have a game show Who Wants to be an Astronaut?'" Recently interviewed for a tribute documentary to New Zealand's most famous connection to the space programme, Sir William Pickering, Aldrin says kids should set up space societies and reach for the stars. New Zealand children should honour the heritage that is here of New Zealand's participation in exciting aeronautical experiences. "When I was on the moon, two words came into my head, magnificent desolation. It was a magnificent time but I don't think it's a place where people will enjoy the scenery as much as here in the South Island of New Zealand." And there he leaves it. Off to join the throngs of fans gazing skyward as Warbirds display their talents high in the sky above Wanaka. Though I suspect the morning sun causing a squint in spectators' eyes and the lingering moon from a chilly night in the alpine climate feel a little more familiar to Aldrin than they do to the 100,000 people gathered in the airfield grounds. Ordinary people should share space-travel Buzz 11 April 2004 By SARAH-KATE LYNCH IN WANAKA Flying to the moon could one day be as easy as A, B, C or D, according to retired astronaut Buzz Aldrin, the man who followed directly in the famous footsteps of Neil Armstrong during man's first moon landing in 1969. In New Zealand for the Warbirds Over Wanaka Airshow, Aldrin said space travel had to be opened up to ordinary people and not restricted to the hugely wealthy. One option to help raise funds for such an expensive project, he suggested at an airshow press conference yesterday, would be a lottery selection or, better still, a television game show with space travel as the prize. "You may have been as surprised as I was with the popularity of the TV show Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?," he said, "but as soon as I heard about that show I thought, 'Aaaah. Who Wants To Be An Astronaut?"' Aldrin has long been a proponent of space tourism. Once ridiculed as impractical, the idea was now getting legitimate recognition, he said. "And it will come about one of these days when we can bring the cost down and the reliability up." Aldrin may not have come up with the ultimate soundbite ("One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind") but, without his copiloting skills in the world's first successful lunar landing module, Neil Armstrong might never have said anything other than "Oops!". Of his lunar-landing memories, he highlighted a few precious moments, seconds after seeing the contact light come on - "which meant we had touched the surface". Said Aldrin: "Then we stopped the engine and settled down and then we both looked at each other and that's the moment I want to remember because that was a moment of great relief and pride and satisfaction that we had done what no people had ever done before." Aldrin gives the impression, however, that it's not all beer and skittles among the retired astronaut fraternity. Being at the Warbirds airshow reminded him of his flying experience before he was selected by Nasa for the space programme. His old flying buddies - Aldrin flew 66 combat missions in Korea and piloted supersonic F100s in Germany in the late '50s - are a heck of a lot more reliable on the reunion front than his former astronaut colleagues, apparently. "Especially that group that I like to identify with, the human beings who left the earth and reached the moon. There are 24 fortunate human beings that belong to that group, 18 of us that are still alive but there's still a competitive spirit that somehow leads people in different directions and they're not all motivated to get together." This year, however, he's hoping that July 20 will see a get-together of the surviving astronauts plus representatives of past ones to mark the 35th anniversary of the Apollo XI landing on the moon. "There's just not quite the same spirit of reunions and I wish there was because I think we could have a few words to say about the future that would be very motivating to the rest of the people." The people of Wanaka seemed motivated just by the presence of a moonwalker, following his movements around the airshow, clamouring for hand-shakes and autographs and watching with delight as the face of 74-year-old Buzz Aldrin appeared on top of a cut-out version of his 1969 body. Links to above articles: http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/thepress/0,2106,2871961a6527,00.html http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/sundaystartimes/0,2106,2871732a6442,00.html ============================================================= ------------------------------------------------------------ Further reading at: http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/apollo.htm Apollo: 1963-1972 - You may want to book mark this. - LRK - http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/ Apollo Lunar Surface Journal http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a11/a11.html http://www.buzzaldrin.com/ Buzz Aldrin http://www.starbooster.com/sb_team.htm Starcraft Boosters, Inc. http://www.starbooster.com/ ------------------------------------------------------------ ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040412/c451c82a/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Mon Apr 12 15:09:01 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 14:09:01 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] SCIRUS for scientific information only - web specialty search engine Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07D6EC77@exchange.prog.altair.com> We talked about questions and answers before. For your questions I have used GOOGLE as a search engine and have been most pleased with how much information is being put on the Internet. Having signed up for a number of News Feeds, ran across the comment that GOOGLE might not be the best for finding scientific data if that was all you were looking for. One of the WIRED.com links, http://www.wired.com/news_drop/netcenter/netcenter.rdf had this. --- Turning Search Into a Science If you're looking for scientific information on the Web, Google might not be the best choice. Many researchers instead turn to Scirus. By Kristen Philipkoski. 02:00 AM Apr. 08, 2004 PT When genetic researchers do a Web search for Dolly, the subject of their query probably doesn't have the last name Parton, nor is it likely a magazine for the fun-loving Australian girl who wants to know the latest on everything from fashion and beauty to entertainment news. But a Google search will turn up these results and lots of other noise, unless the researcher specifies that results should not include Parton or fashion but must include cloning. Instead, a scientist could use a search engine like Scirus, which specifically taps science resources and publications. snip --- SO I WENT TO SCIRUS AND WAS MOST PLEASED. NOW TO LEARN HOW TO USE THE ADVANCED FEATURES. - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/ search words - lunar habitat - -------------- Searched for:: All of the words:lunar habitat Found:: :5,296 total | 393 journal results | 4,903 Web results Sort by:: :relevance | date -------------- 1. Alternative Habitat Concepts for the First Lunar Outpost May 2003 Civil Engineering Database Alternative Habitat Concepts for the First Lunar Outpost by Kriss Kennedy and Michael Roberts pp. 1020-1035 Document type: Conference Proceeding Part of: Engineering, Construction... more hits from [http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?9440486] similar results 2. 8.3. Lunar Habitat Design Environments Home Page, Apr 2003 8.3. Lunar Habitat Design Environments This section will...screen view is taken from a prototype Lunar Habitat Design Environment ( Lhde ) built on...critics analyzing the construction of a lunar habitat. The critics were evaluated as defined... more hits from [http://www.cis.drexel.edu/faculty/gerry/publications/d...] similar results 3. AeroVironment designs for NASA's Lunar Habitat Jul 2001 ...extension 574 2-22-1999 AeroVironment designs for NASA's Lunar Habitat Some news media have described our Centurion aircraft...power electronics and thermal control system for NASA's Lunar Habitat. This will be the next step after the International... [http://www.aerovironment.com/news/news-archive/lunar1....] similar results 4. A Lunar Outpost Nov 1999 ...built before a permanent lunar habitat. Crews on early scientific...option for a permanent lunar habitat is an inflatable structure...Above is a sketch of the lunar outpost. The following...outpost. 1. The inflatable habitat 2. The construction equipment... more hits from [http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/gotomoon.html] similar results 5. Far Side Lunar Observatory - Abstract Aug 2003 ...be placed on the lunar surface as well as in the type of habitat module that will...of the far side lunar observatory involved...instrumentation, habitation and transportation...will provide for habitation on the lunar base. Two airlocks... more hits from [http://www.tsgc.utexas.edu/archive/design/farside.html] similar results 6. HUMAN LUNAR RETURN [1995-96] Apr 2002 ...umbilicals from the LLV. Human Lunar Return Surface Habitat . The HLR crew would live in...Proton launches to deliver the lunar habitat, LLV, LOS, propellants and TLI stages. Lunar Surface Habitat Roadmap . The first mission... more hits from [http://www.abo.fi/~mlindroo/Station/Slides/sld051x.htm] similar results 7. Lunar Farside Observatory Wendell W. Mendell, May 1996 An International Lunar Farside Observatory and Science...study of an International Lunar Farside Observatory and Science...group dealt with all the lunar surface infrastructure, although...and LUFAD, and the surface habitat was a product of Life Sciences... [http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLi...] similar results snip ------------------------------------------------------------- Well this should keep me busy for some time. Now need two Martian day lengths per day. :-) - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/aboutus/ Scirus is the most comprehensive science-specific search engine on the Internet. Driven by the latest search engine technology, Scirus searches over 167 million science-specific Web pages, enabling you to quickly: * Pinpoint scientific, scholarly, technical and medical data on the Web. * Find the latest reports, peer-reviewed articles and journals that other search engines miss. * Offer unique functionalities designed for scientists and researchers. Scirus has proved so successful at locating science-specific results on the Web that the Search Engine Watch Awards voted Scirus 'Best Specialty Search Engine' in 2001 and 2002. [More... http://searchenginewatch.com/awards/article.php/2155921 ] ============================================================= http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/aboutus/#name About the name Scirus We took the name Scirus from the following passage: "To the Eleusinians who were warring against Erechtheus, came a man, Scirus by name, who was a seer from Dodona, and who also established at Phalerum the ancient temple of Athena Sciras. After he had fallen in the battle, the Eleusinians buried him near a winter-flowing river and the name of the region and the river is from that of the hero."* We chose the name Scirus because seers and prophets are said to judge the signs of what is to come. And science is a visionary discipline in which you are continuously working on new ideas and developments. The Scirus search engine will pro-actively support your role as a seer. *Excerpt from "The Description of Greece" by Pausanias, translated by August A. Imholtz, Jr., CIS Executive Editor ============================================================= http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/aboutus/#tech The Technology Behind Scirus For more information about the technology behind Scirus, and the advanced functionality Scirus offers, download our white paper. http://www.scirus.com/press/pdf/WhitePaper_Scirus.pdf ============================================================= ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040412/8a68f80c/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Mon Apr 12 12:45:48 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 11:45:48 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] NASA ACKNOWLEDGES HISTORIC SPACE FLIGHT Message-ID: 43rd anniversary of the first human spaceflight http://www.sparx.net/yuri/ April 12, 2004 marks the 43rd anniversary of the first human into space, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, and the 23rd anniversary of the flight of the first American space shuttle, Columbia. Yuri's Night is a global celebration of human space achievement designed to raise awareness and support for space exploration. --- http://www.marsgravity.org/news/newsletter07.php snip 1. WATCH THIS SPACE Mars Gravity Notices UW TO CELEBRATE YURI'S NIGHT IN STYLE On 12 April 2004, members of the international Mars Gravity team will help celebrate the 43rd anniversary of the first human space flight, by Yuri Gagarin, and the 23rd anniversary of the first Space Shuttle flight. The UW crew will party in style atop the famous Seattle Space Needle. Yuri's Night (http://www.yurisnight.net) features parties all around the world during a single Earth night, kicking off in Brisbane. Everyone's invited, so watch this space! snip --- http://www.yurisnight.net/spaceparty.php "Circling the Earth in the orbital spaceship I marvelled at the beauty of our planet. People of the world! Let us safeguard and enhance this beauty - not destroy it!" - Yuri Gagarin snip --- http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level1/gagarin.html Yuri Gagarin was born near Moscow, Russia on March 9, 1934. He died on March 27, 1968. Yuri joined the Soviet Air Force in 1955. By 1959, he was training to become a cosmonaut. On April 12, 1961 Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit Earth! The name of his spacecraft was Vostok 1. Vostok 1 had two sections. One section was for Yuri. The second section was for supplies needed for Gagarin to live such as oxygen and water. Vostok 1 circled Earth at a speed of 27,400 kilometers per hour. The flight lasted 108 minutes. Vostok's reentry was controlled by a computer. Yuri Gagarin did not land inside of Vostok 1. He ejected from the spacecraft and landed by parachute. Yuri Gagarin was killed in a plane crash before he could travel in space a second time. --- http://howe.iki.rssi.ru/GCTC/gctc_e.htm THE YURI GAGARIN COSMONAUTS TRAINING CENTER --- ------------------------------------------------------------- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= Glenn Mahone/Doc Mirelson Headquarters, Washington April 12, 2004 (Phone: 202/358-1600) RELEASE: 04-123 NASA ACKNOWLEDGES HISTORIC SPACE FLIGHT Today is a great day in the history of spaceflight, marking the 43rd anniversary of the first human spaceflight and the 23rd anniversary of the first flight of the Space Shuttle. Our Russian partners celebrate this day as Cosmonautics Day. In keeping with tradition, NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe sent congratulations on behalf of the agency to Russian Federal Space Agency Head Anatolii Perminov. On April 12, 1961, Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel in space, when he was launched on the historic "Vostok 1" flight. Since that day, Russia has celebrated April 12th as Cosmonautics Day. In his letter of congratulations, Administrator O'Keefe said, "My warmest congratulations to you and the people of the Federal Space Agency (FKA) on Cosmonautics Day 2004! The people of FKA can be justifiably proud of the heritage of success that we all celebrate on Cosmonautics Day. "As the world celebrates the 43rd anniversary of the historic flight of Yuri Gagarin, we are reminded of the tremendous contributions space exploration has made to humanity. These contributions are many and varied, ranging from exploits in human space flight to robotic discoveries across the solar system. "Closer to home, exploration has yielded unprecedented insights into the Earth's systems from orbiting satellites to incredible advancements in biological and physical research. It is no coincidence NASA and FKA have substantial ongoing cooperation in each of these areas, as our agencies continue to work closely together to push back the frontiers of space for the benefit of all. "I am proud that our courageous spacefarers, such as astronaut Michael Foale and cosmonaut Alexander Kaleri, who are on-orbit on the International Space Station, and Gennady Padalka and Mike Fincke who are in the final stages of preparation for the next journey of discovery on the Station, continue to build upon the legacy of Yuri Gagarin and expand our reach into the unknown." The first flight of the Space Shuttle took place on April 12, 1981. The Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-1) blasted off on its historic mission on the 20th anniversary of Gagarin's groundbreaking flight. The Columbia's 54-hour, 36-orbit mission tested the vehicle, which has since been used as the basis of our international human space flight partnerships. Scientific cooperation with the Soviet Union dates back to the very beginnings of space flight. The first cooperative human space flight project between the United States and the Soviet Union took place in 1975. The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was designed to test the compatibility of rendezvous and docking systems for American and Soviet spacecraft and to open the way for future joint manned flights. Since 1993, the U.S. and Russia have worked together on a number of other space flight projects. The Space Shuttle began visiting the Russian Mir space station in 1994, and in 1995 Norm Thagard became the first U.S. astronaut to take up residency on Mir. Seven U.S. astronauts served with their Russian counterparts aboard the orbiting Mir laboratory from 1995 to 1998. The experience gained from the Mir cooperative effort, as well as lessons learned, paved the way for the International Space Station. In-orbit construction on the Station began in November 1998, and it has been staffed non-stop with international crews since November 2000. The first Station crew, made up of U.S. commander Bill Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev, was launched on board a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. The crew returned to Earth on the Space Shuttle Discovery in March 2001. Since the Space Shuttle Columbia accident on February 1, 2003, crew exchange and resupply of the Station have depended on Russian Soyuz and Progress vehicles. The cooperation between the U.S. and Russia has grown into a mutually supportive effort. With the combined efforts of the other 14 International Space Station partner nations, the unique orbiting laboratory has become a symbol of peaceful international cooperation. For information about NASA and agency programs on the Internet, visit: http://www.nasa.gov -end- * * * NASA press releases and other information are available automatically by sending an Internet electronic mail message to domo at hq.nasa.gov. In the body of the message (not the subject line) users should type the words "subscribe press-release" (no quotes). The system will reply with a confirmation via E-mail of each subscription. A second automatic message will include additional information on the service. NASA releases also are available via CompuServe using the command GO NASA. To unsubscribe from this mailing list, address an E-mail message to domo at hq.nasa.gov, leave the subject blank, and type only "unsubscribe press-release" (no quotes) in the body of the message. ============================================================= ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040412/155c9fba/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Sun Apr 11 23:44:47 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Sun, 11 Apr 2004 22:44:47 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] More for thinking about - "Virtual Moon Atlas" - and more Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07D1F11E@exchange.prog.altair.com> More for thinking about. In response for requested whispers, you have responded. My thanks to all. May there be more. Make it so. :-) Hans Kalff suggests that to make the list interesting I could ask questions since we have inquisitive minds and like to find answers. It is part of the quest. The path can be as interesting as the goal. I don't profess to have all the answers and found it took me longer than some to get the answers my teachers wanted. I know that you folks have many of the answers and probably more questions than I can think of, so let me list some of Hans' ideas. Yours too if you like. Listening. - LRK - We can develop these and more if this proves of worth. We can add to http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm items that might help us along the path. - LRK - > suggestion : Make space (Moon, Mars, Universe) appetizing. Make a > descriptive map with all the latest knowledge about e.g. moon. Distribute > that as far as you can:> I put a link to a very nice "Virtual Moon Atlas" by Christian Legrand and Patrick Chevalley below. I also have it listed on the Moon page http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/moon.html Continuing along those lines Hans adds. >Hello Larry >Yes a map comes in handy. I suppose we (the world) knows more about the moon >like what minerals have been spotted >10 highest mountains >10 deepest valleys >any riverbeds left >highest temperatures measured >lowest temperatures measured >moonsoil comparable to earth soil? >theory about the moon being part of earth >theory about the moon coming from elsewhere hitting the earth around the >pacific ocean? >I think it is good to compile all these items. Do you agree? >... >Hans Kalff We can look into these topics and post the results on the web site and link to the http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ If you have a news reader like SharpReader http://www.sharpreader.net/ for Windows you can subscribe to the RSS XML link for the blogs and get an alert when I post something to blogspot. (there are readers for most OS ) http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml (many web sites are now supporting RSS XML connections. Some sources http://syndic8.com/ ) [ GOGGLE search result for key words - RSS XML NewsReaders - http://directory.google.com/Top/Reference/Libraries/Library_and_Information_ Science/Technical_Services/Cataloguing/Metadata/RDF/Applications/RSS/News_Re aders/ ] Will continue reading the books I have that might help us go to the Moon and share some of that as you wish. Do you want to know how to design a mission? "SPACE MISSION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN" Third Edition, James R. Wertz and Wiley J Larson editors. "Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control", Ed. by James R. Wertz Want to take humans along? "Human Spaceflight MISSION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN", Edited by Wiley J. Larson and Linda K. Pranke Do we want to survive these flights even if there is no supply ship handy? "SPACEFLIGHT LIFE SUPPORT AND BIOSPHERICS", Peter Eckart Do you want to set up a Lunar Base? "The Lunar Base Handbook", Peter Eckart Looking for things to use for your Lunar Base? "THE MOON Resources, Future Development and Colonization", David Schrunk, Burton Sharpe, Bonnie Cooper an Madhu Thangavelu Want to know more about the Moon? "EXPLORING THE MOON The Apollo Expeditions", David M. Harland "The Once and Future Moon", Paul D. Spudis More about what the Apollo Astronauts? Then info from the "Apollo -- THE NASA MISSION REPORTS" from APOGEE BOOKS. APOLLO PRESS RELEASES supplied by Ron Wells. MORE BOOKS THAT AREN'T SITTING ON MY COFFEE TABLE - I would have to get up. :-) Will just need to use Martian time as a 24 hour Earth day doesn't seem long enough. :-( ALSO, IT IS GOING TO COST YOU. :-) Money is good, see PayPal links on website. Praise, and warm fuzzy thoughts help and you have been most gracious there. Continue with the good links and suggestions. Double the readership so I know I am doing the right thing. Throw vegetables from the front row seats when I blow it. - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= ============================================================= ============================================================= http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/moon.html ============================================================= >From above - LRK - With all this talk about unknown craters, the following freeware program might be handy: "Virtual Moon Atlas" by Christian Legrand and Patrick Chevalley. It is available at http://astrosurf.com/avl/UK_index.html and features the a 3D real time display of the moon (including lighting conditions), but you can also set an arbitrary date to display. It contains an extensive database of features including all landing sites (Apollo, Surveyor, etc.). It also contains >1000 pictures of formations from the "Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Moon". It supports OpenGL for graphics performance (but doesn't require it). About a dozen languages (apart from English) are supported via language packs. All those features take up some space, so it's a rather big download (about 31 Mb) Sorry, the program runs on Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP only. - LRK - ============================================================= ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040411/82d4907f/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Sun Apr 11 20:31:26 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Sun, 11 Apr 2004 19:31:26 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] SPACE DAY - May 6 2004 Message-ID: Good day, I should think this would be a very good year to celebrate SPACE DAY. - LRK - Would do you think? - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.spaceday.org/index.html Space Day - Founded by Lockheed Martin ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.spaceday.org/conmgmt/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=80&op=pa ge&SubMenu= ABOUT US What is Space Day? Since its launch in 1997, the Space Day educational initiative, which takes place on the first Thursday of each May, has evolved into a massive grassroots effort dedicated to the extraordinary achievements, benefits and opportunities in the exploration and use of space. The ultimate goal is to promote math, science, technology and engineering education by nurturing young peoples' enthusiasm for the wonders of the universe and inspiring them to continue the stellar work of today's space explorers. International in scope, the award-winning program involves hundreds of thousands of teachers and millions of students throughout the United States, Canada and beyond. Space Day events have taken place in 21 countries around the globe on six continents. Thanks to widespread media support, nearly a billion people have learned about the Space Day programs since its inception. So effective is this global initiative that it has been honored with the Space Foundation's prestigious Education Achievement Award. Space Day benefits from more than 75 official Partners, including Challenger Center for Space Science Education (creator of the Space Day Design Challenges) the National Science Teachers Association, National Science Foundation, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Boys and Girls Clubs of America, Lockheed Martin Corporation, the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum, ePALS Classroom Exchange (tm), Time Warner, Discovery Communications, Inc., the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Canadian Space Agency, among many others. ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.spaceday.org/conmgmt/index.php?option=com_getEvents&Itemid=2 Space Day Events Welcome! We hope you will take this opportunity to tell others around the world how you are planning to celebrate Space Day 2004 in your school or community ------------------------------------------------------------- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= This Story has been sent to you by : larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net SPACE DAY The annual celebration of Space Day falls on May 6 this year, but so much has been going on out there, you could call 2004 Space Year. Look at everything that's happened so far for space exploration: The full article will be available on the Web for a limited time: http://www.montereyherald.com/mld/montereyherald/entertainment/8407833.htm (c) 2004 Monterey County Herald and wire service sources. All Rights Reserved. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- Posted on Sun, Apr. 11, 2004 SPACE DAY Celebrate a galaxy of stars on May 6 By MARCIA ABRAMSON Knight Ridder Newspapers The annual celebration of Space Day falls on May 6 this year, but so much has been going on out there, you could call 2004 Space Year. Look at everything that's happened so far for space exploration: * NASA's rovers are sending back evidence that there was once water on Mars. * A new kind of rocket plane -- a hypersonic scramjet -- set speed records. * President George W. Bush said he wants astronauts to go back to the moon and then on to Mars. * The Cassini probe is due to make fly-bys of Saturn and its moons later this year. * Europe, Russia, Japan and China all have space programs and are planning their own missions. Space Day is an educational program sponsored by NASA and Lockheed Martin, a company that is very involved in space exploration. One of its main activities is a contest for kids, the Space Day Design Challenges. Winners are honored on Space Day, when they have a chance to meet astronauts and tour space museums in the Washington, D.C., area. But there will be Space Day celebrations at museums and schools all over the country, too. This year's theme is ''Blazing Galactic Trails,'' honoring the bicentennial of the Lewis and Clark expedition and saluting future explorers -- today's kids. One of those future explorers could be 16-year-old Michael Owens, a sophomore at Prescott High School in Arizona. Michael is already helping NASA with the Mars Rover project. Michael and his best friend teamed up and were winners in the 2002 Space Day Design Challenge. Their project showed how to use green algae to make oxygen for a spaceship. Michael went to Washington, where he met former astronauts John Glenn and Sally Ride. Then Michael was chosen to lead a team of 15 students to help NASA watch for storms that could affect the rover mission. NASA sends them data, and they analyze it after school. They get help from teachers and scientists at Arizona State University. ''It was really exciting to be part of the mission when the rovers touched down,'' Michael said. About 50 student teams nationwide are helping NASA with the rover mission. NASA also chose Michael to be one of its student spokesmen. When we spoke with Michael, he said he had just met with Arizona's governor Janet Napolitano to talk about Space Day and science education. That was exciting for him, too. Michael has been fascinated with space since fourth grade, when he built a Mars colony out of Legos. He is not sure if he wants to go to Mars, but would like to become a psychologist who studies the effects of space travel on humans. ''I'd really like to see a black hole,'' he said. ''That would be cool -- without getting sucked in, of course.'' As a NASA spokesman, Michael said he wants to tell kids that, like him, they can have fun with science, math and technology. ''I want to tell them to go for their goals and have fun along the way,'' he said. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- Space Day Here are some of the museums that are having special events on Space Day: * Orlando Science Center in Florida; Denver Museum of Nature and Science in Colorado; California Science Center in Los Angeles; Virginia Air and Space Center in Hampton; Challenger Learning Center in Paducah, Ky.; and Edgerton Explorit Center in Aurora, Neb. To see what's happening around the country, visit www.spaceday.org. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- ? 2004 Monterey County Herald and wire service sources. All Rights Reserved. http://www.montereyherald.com http://www.montereyherald.com/mld/montereyherald/entertainment/8407833.htm ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040411/25eaaa7f/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Fri Apr 9 04:28:14 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Fri, 9 Apr 2004 03:28:14 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] The Universal Translator - How to Talk to The Dolphins, Crickets, Elephants, or Aliens Message-ID: This is a mind experiment. Some time back read about how Dolphins might be interpreting their echo location as actual images in their brain. Not being inside of a Dolphin, I don't really know how they experience their environment, then again, I don't really know how I experience my environment either. but - Wouldn't it be nice to be able to see a lot more of our environment? If we just had the right sensors and the conversion matrix to translate the energy that is around us into some form that we can understand, wow what a rush. We would hear whistles, clicks, and many sounds from energetic actions translated into the audio range. Meteors entering our atmosphere is one that comes to mind. http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast19jan_1.htm http://t2wesa.r3h.net/export/esaSC/SEM83BXO4HD_sensations_0.html http://www.k5kj.net/meteor.htm http://www.fathom.com/course/10701056/ http://www.dolphinear.com/data/dolphin_echo_location.htm http://www.seaworld.org/infobooks/BonyFish/senses.html http://www.hawaii.edu/HIMB/sharklab/research/kajiura.html So put on Geordi LaForge's visor. ---------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Dreamworld/2460/crew/laforge.htm snip Born blind due to a birth defect. Wore VISOR from 2340 to 2372 (advanced optical sensor that allows him to see outside human visible spectrum). By stardate 50893, received ocular implants to replace VISOR. snip ---------------------------------------------------------------- and think about what you might be able to SEE as you read the poem I wrote. :-) - LRK - When we go to space we will need to SEE many events that would normally be outside our normal experience. Who of you will develop the next new sensors for translating the energies in the surround into images the you can SEE? Larry Kellogg http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= The Universal Translator Or How to Talk to The Dolphins, Crickets, Elephants, Or Aliens The sound goes around. To and fro it bounds. I can see for you and me. A picture for me, A sound for thee. How does a picture sound? Can I send it around? Would you hear in your ear, What I see and fear? How does it sound? As I send it around? My picture in sound. What does my mind see? What does my mind hear? Just a wiggle and a squiggle, An itch and a twitch. Something in motion, Much like the ocean. It wiggles and squiggles, With ups and downs, And motion all around Is it sound that rebounds? Or the motion that goes around? What is it I see? What do you hear? Is it by ear? Or by bone? Do I care how I hear? What is it I hear? But a motion applied to motion, The difference I sense. The vibration goes around and it comes around. Having seen what was there Being modified by air Do I really care? If it is by air. Could be from afar? Or just from a jar? This sound that went around. How does it rebound? When it goes around. I send and I see What comes back to me. How does it differ? >From what I send. Does that tell me, Where it has been? The sound goes around With a wiggle and a squiggle. And an added jiggle. What does it do, For me and for you? One day I'll see What you have heard And you can hear What I see. What goes around And comes back sound May go around And come to me, As something to see. The shrimp it clicks The insect stamps A shriek, a bellow Over there, over here A sensor, a sensor Feeling this vibration. To be in tune, To listen to the moon, In an afternoon. A vision to see, Using the medium For free. How do I see? What does it mean for me? Just a translation. >From a vibration, To an elation. Its motion all around. How does it vibrate? How does it shake? What information Does it make? The background, All a twitter. The background, All around. The noise, How gray. The noise What does it say? To enhance the dance And see the prance. The lights they play What do they say? A vibration against the white A sound in the night A magnetic push A gravitational pull How do they differ, >From the background of all? What information from around When pushed and pulled by the sound? A blare, a flair, In the air, I don't care. In the water, it's a medium, In the ether, no tedium. Radiation, it's the difference that counts. How it wiggles and how it bounce. A throb, a bob A wiggle, a squiggle. How it differs, because of the surround, Is what goes, and comes around. What differs from expectation, Is what makes for information. The play on the gray Extracted today Is what went, And came back, With information On this and that. Be it magnetic or electrostatic It's the wiggle and the squiggle That comes around With information on the surround. So where are you immersed? And in what are you versed? Can I change my wiggle, To match your squiggle? So that what I sent around Come to from the surround. It's the difference, that extra jiggle That has information to make you giggle. >From its sound And image to see, The medium is different For you and for me. May I transform my jiggle To be heard as a giggle? So what is seen from light to me Is hear in the sea, an image for thee. The difference applied To light from aside, May for me And image be. How do I see? What does it mean for me? Just a translation >From a vibration To an elation An image to see. Copyright May 28, 2001 by L & S Robotics, Larry Kellogg Edited April 9, 2004 - LRK - ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040409/98eccef0/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Fri Apr 9 01:07:08 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Fri, 9 Apr 2004 00:07:08 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] FAA Issues License for Historic Sub-Orbital Manned Rocket Launch Message-ID: Good day, The X-Prize offer is good until the end of this year. You need to schedule your attempt at the glory and you need to have permission to launch too. You folks are indeed looking up and doing a good job of pointing too. Thanks! http://www.xprize.org/index.html X-PRIZE http://www.xprize.org/press/release_051.html FAA LICENSES SPACESHIPONE AS FIRST PRIVATE ROCKET http://www.xprize.org/teams/index.html THE TEAMS COMPETING http://www.xprize.org/teams/guidelines.html X PRIZE Competition Guidelines Larry Kellogg http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= FROM Gunjan Gupta - LRK - In case you guys missed this big news .. Looks like we are very close (a couple of months or even days I would speculate) to the first privately funded manned flight into Space ! The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) announced yesterday that it had issued the world's first license for a sub-orbital manned rocket flight to X Prize contender Scaled Composite for its Spaceship One. Read on .. http://www.space.com/news/faa_spaceshipone_040407.html and http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/spaceshipone_test_040408.html Cheers, Gunjan ------------------------------------------------------------- FROM DAN LASLEY - LRK - Larry, Here's someone who is looking up: http://www.faa.gov/apa/pr/pr.cfm?id=1833 I'm keeping my fingers crossed for these guys! Regards, Dan ------------------------------------------------------------- THE ABOVE REFERENCE IN FULL - LRK - http://www.faa.gov/apa/pr/pr.cfm?id=1833 Contact: Henry J. Price Phone: 202-267-3883 APA 13-04 Date Posted: April 7, 2004 FAA Issues License for Historic Sub-Orbital Manned Rocket Launch WASHINGTON, DC - The U.S. Department of Transportation today announced it has issued the world's first license for a sub-orbital manned rocket flight. The license was issued April 1 by the Federal Aviation Administration's Office of Commercial Space Transportation to Scaled Composites of Mojave, Calif., headed by aviation record-holder Burt Rutan, for a sequence of sub-orbital flights spanning a one-year period. The FAA sub-orbital space flight license is required for U.S. contenders in the X-Prize competition, a high-stakes international race ultimately to launch a manned, reusable private vehicle into space and return it safely to Earth. The X- Prize foundation will award $10 million to the first company or organization to launch a vehicle capable of carrying three people to a height of 100 kilometers (62.5 miles), return them safely to Earth, and repeat the flight with the same vehicle within two weeks. Twenty-seven contestants representing seven countries have already registered for the X-Prize contest, modeled on the $25,000 Orteig Prize for which Charles Lindbergh flew solo from New York to Paris in 1927. In its 20 years of existence, the FAA's Office of Commercial Space Transportation has licensed more than 150 commercial launches of unmanned expendable launch vehicles. This license is the first to authorize manned flight on a sub-orbital trajectory. While the highest criteria to issue a license is public safety, applicants must undergo an extensive pre- application process, demonstrate adequate financial responsibility to cover any potential losses, and meet strict environmental requirements. ### ------------------------------------------------------------- MORE ON MIXED NUMBERS - DON'T BELIEVE EVERYTHING YOU HEAR OR SEE IN PRINT. - LRK - FROM Gunjan Gupta - LRK - Recently we were all talking about how the media inflated the numbers for the planned manned missions to Mars and Moon in the next 30 years. Here is a good article on how this happened when Bush's Mars initiative numbers got inflated to "trillions of dollars for one Mars trip" by the media. The article is really well written and researched, and this can be one good link to point to anyone who asks you the question - "Why are we wasting so much money on manned Mars exploration ?". ============================================== Whispers in the echo chamber by Dwayne A. Day http://www.thespacereview.com/article/119/1 (note there are two pages in the article, there is a link at the bottom to go to the second page). Regards, Gunjan ------------------------------------------------------------- The Planetary Data System (PDS)http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/ GEOSCIENCES NODE http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/ HAS CHANGED THEIR WEB SITES TO MATCH THE "ONE NASA" MOTIF AND IN PARTICULAR, THE LUNAR PROSPECTOR DATA PAGES. WE WENT TO THE MOON NOT ALL THAT LONG AGO. - LRK - http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/lunarp/ Lunar Prospector Lunar Prospector (LP) was a spin-stabilized spacecraft, operating in a 100 km circular, polar orbit around the Moon during its Primary Mission in 1998. The orbit was lowered to 30 km for the Extended Mission that began in January 1999. The mission ended on July 31, 1999, when the spacecraft was targeted to impact a crater near the lunar south pole to try to vaporize part of the suspected water deposits. The science goals of LP were to map the Moon's surface composition and its magnetic and gravity fields, to determine the frequency and location of gas release events, and to search for polar ice deposits. To meet these objectives, LP had five science instruments located on three booms: a gamma ray spectrometer, a neutron spectrometer, an alpha particle spectrometer, a magnetometer, and an electron reflectometer. In addition, Doppler tracking data was used to derive gravity measurements. The preliminary science results from Lunar Prospector have been published in the September 4, 1998 issue of Science. Also, a detailed description of the Lunar Prospector spacecraft is available in the LP Mission Handbook document (Adobe Acrobat format file; 760 KB). snip ----------------- ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040409/bb9c0374/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Wed Apr 7 01:41:08 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Wed, 7 Apr 2004 00:41:08 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Careful - rocks in the path to the Stars or at least the Moon Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07A42CBC@exchange.prog.altair.com> Good evening. I trust you still want to go to the Moon, Mars, and Beyond. You are going to have to pick a path that doesn't have too many rocks or you are going to have to be like a lot of ants, and move those stones out of your way, one at a time. Buzz Aldrin and company would like to help lift you on the way, smartly. You may see different paths and you may find diversions along the way. The stars are bright and you may be fixated. Come on, move along. Do you have the focus and determination to continue up the hill? It may take many to assist with the load and speaking of that, I daily remove the dead from this path. (bad addresses) If you want to help, tell others about the journey and have them sign up for this list should you find it helpful to have a megaphone giving encouragement. :-) I listen and as you may have noticed, often repeat what is whispered in my ear. I don't know if I should turn up the volume on the megaphone or not. I don't want to drive you away, but I want all to hear. You in the back, can you hear? Pass a note up the line if you have a suggestion. :-) Larry Kellogg http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/moon.html - where do you want to set up camp? http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html - suggestions accepted - http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= SBI Starcraft Booster INC. http://StarBooster.com ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.floridatoday.com/news/space/stories/2004a/032604aldrin.htm March 26, 2004 U.S. needs larger rocket, Aldrin says BY TODD HALVORSON FLORIDA TODAY CAPE CANAVERAL-- The nation should develop a heavy-lift rocket based on space shuttle components to send astronauts back to the moon and on to Mars, the second man to walk on the moon told a presidential commission Thursday. During a hearing in Atlanta, held by the President's Commission on Moon, Mars and Beyond, Buzz Aldrin said a super-sized rocket would reduce costs as well as the number of missions needed to return to the moon between 2015 and 2020. "It isn't going to happen unless we have a better way of getting into space," said Aldrin, who set foot on the moon with fellow Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong on July 20, 1969. The two became the first humans to visit another celestial body. A company headed by Aldrin -- Starcraft Boosters Inc. of Houston -- is designing a heavy-lift rocket that would employ shuttle solid rocket boosters and external tanks to loft cargoes weighing up to 115,000 pounds. snip Image - LRK - Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin speaks to the President's Commission on Moon, Mars and Beyond on Thursday in Atlanta. Aldrin told the panel the United States needs enthusiasm similar the "pioneering days" of the first moon landing if it wants to go to Mars. Image ? 2004, AP snip ------------------------------------------------------------- Buzz Aldrin's March 25 Presentation to the President's Commission on Moon, Mars & Beyond http://starbooster.com/032504SlidesAldrin.pdf GO THERE AND SEE WHAT COULD HELP LIFT US TOWARDS THE MOON - LRK - ============================================================= THIS SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ARTICLE TALKS ABOUT SOME OF THE PROBLEMS SEEN WITH GOING BACK TO THE MOON. - LRK - Scientific American: Fly Me to the Moon [ SPACEFLIGHT ] Going to the Moon means winners and losers in science http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0006BC20-3E44-1052-BD3483414B7F01 6F&ref=sciam&chanID=sa006 ============================================================== A GOOD LOOK AT WHY WE CAN'T RUN UP AND REPAIR THE HUBBLE AT THIS TIME - AND MAY NOT BE ABLE TO IN THE FUTURE. - LRK - http://msnbc.msn.com/id/4580820/ MSNBC - Hubble debate a lot of sound and fury: COMMENTARY By James Oberg NBC News space analyst Special to MSNBC Updated: 9:49 p.m. ET March 22, 2004 "HOUSTON - The premature termination of the Hubble telescope's mission is dismaying, even heart-breaking. But even more appalling has been the aftermath of the decision. While NASA made ghastly blunders in announcing and explaining the decision to cancel a needed repair mission, the public furor that has ensued is based on fundamental misunderstandings and misconception mixed with posturing and politics." snip ============================================================== ANOTHER LOOK WITH A LOT OF HISTORY AND LINKS - LRK - http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=937 NASA's Hubble Space Telescope: A Fate Far From Certain Keith Cowing Sunday, March 14, 2004 In January 2004, just days after the rollout of the President's new space policy, Sean O'Keefe announced his decision not to proceed with SM4 - the fifth, and last scheduled Space Shuttle Servicing Mission to the Hubble Space Telescope. This mission would have installed new gyroscopes, and added several new instruments to the aging telescope allowing it to operate until the end of the decade. snip ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040407/f0302fb9/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Mon Apr 5 16:25:04 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (Larry Kellogg) Date: Mon, 5 Apr 2004 15:25:04 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Looking Back at Looking up - and - Not all agree - Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07C481A1@exchange.prog.altair.com> Good day, It is Monday and I suppose should be at work but others have said working half time is enough. Ok, gives me time to bend your ear should you care to listen. - LRK - Vic Johnson sent me some excerpts that help us look back. We might take a look and see how they compare to where we are today. I have separated the articles and added a few comments for your consideration. - LRK - John Michael Williams sent a BBC link that says there are divided opinions about setting up a Lunar Base. This is understandable. In reading some of the books on NASA History I have seen that the different scientific communities view looking up in different ways and each wants to protect its source of funding. What will make a difference though is how will congress hear these differences and will we get a chance to really spend some time with our nearest neighbor - In person, up close and personal. I look at going back to the Moon as a larger initiative than JUST getting scientific DATA. Robots can do that to a degree. It MAY be a way to expand humanity out into space. A way to learn how to venture further than the front door here on Earth. Learning how to keep your house clean on the Moon may take more effort. The view will be different. The experience, Out of This World. :-) If we don't want to leave home, then sending robotic probes, satellites, and space telescopes up into space should be enough. Soooo, the question may come down to what are your motives for looking up. We can wonder and marvel at the beauty of the stars from the middle of a quiet lake at night as Vic has done with his son. You folks with your telescopes and dark skies (if you can find them) are looking up, taking pictures, and being thrilled. http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/pictures.html http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/ http://hubblesite.org/gallery/ We can listen to the astronauts that have been to the Moon and looked back at Earth. http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/40thann/videos.htm http://www.live365.com/stations/246422?site=apollo_11_oda We certainly can spend more time here working on Earthly problems. (or creating them) --- http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura is a NASA mission to study the Earth's ozone, air quality and climate. This mission is designed exclusively to conduct research on the composition, chemistry and dynamics of the Earth's upper and lower atmosphere employing multiple instruments on a single satellite. --- Is that enough? ( I pulled up the weights on the grandfather clock, another 3 days gone by. Yawn, ho hum.) Could there be some that would like to dream a bigger picture? http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/colonies.html http://www.belmont.k12.ca.us/ralston/programs/itech/SpaceSettlement/ http://www.belmont.k12.ca.us/ralston/programs/itech/SpaceSettlement/75Summer Study/Design.html or http://lifesci3.arc.nasa.gov/SpaceSettlement/ http://lifesci3.arc.nasa.gov/SpaceSettlement/75SummerStudy/Design.html Read any Arthur C. Clark novels recently? Kim Stanley Robinson, Larry Niven? Homer Hickam, Robert A. Heinlein? Just books, just dreams, just where you could be if we really step off Mother Earth. But .... Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= =========== Hi Larry. BBC online just published this: "Lunar base options divide experts" at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/science/nature/3600627.stm -- John =========== Larry This renewed interest in returning to the moon and launching a manned mission to Mars prompted me to look into my stash of old magazines (Space World, Space Age, etc.), and some NASA publication from the Government Printing Office (Orders of Magnitude: A History of NACA and NASA, 1915-1976; Aeronautics and Space Report of the President: 1976 Activities A Forecast of Space Technology, 1980-2000; New Horizons; Space Settlement: A Design Study). There was a time before the Reagan administration that NASA publications and other government information on developments in space planning was much more easily procured than later. Can looking back be of any value? It's been about 46 years since Sputnik awakened the American public to the realities of rocket launched orbiting vehicles. I don't know how useful this retrospection might be. Let's see. Here's a sample: Looking Back at Looking Up Vic Johnson ============ Vic, you have a very nice stash of magazines. I would venture a guess many of you out there do too. Many of mine are still pilled up in the garage. Four day week ends not enough time. - LRK - * * * * * * * * * * * * >From AIR&SPACE, Smithsonian, June/July 1989 (Special Anniversary Edition, 20 Years Since Apollo 11) ". . . At the time of the first moon landing, pundits called Apollo 11 a triumph for the 'squares,' meaning those scientists and technicians who worked with slide rules and wore crew cuts and polished their shoes. Americans never gave that observation much thought at the time, but it's a telling one because it hinted at just one of many societal divisions that had appeared in the turbulent postwar period of the '50s and '60s. A nation celebrating the Apollo 11 triumph in 1969 as a symbol of unity of purpose appears from our perspective here 20 years later to have been remarkably innocent and lacking in the skills of introspection. And as stirring as they were, the Apollo landings couldn't spare us the grimmer aspects of the '60s and '70s . . . . "Apollo 11 earned a permanent place in history as a momentous voyage. But the Apollo program should also be remembered for what was perhaps its most important attribute: it made us ask questions. It forced us to think." -"Hypothesis." George C. Larson * * * * * * * * * * * * HAD A CREW CUT, POLISHED MY SHOES, AND USED A SLIP STICK. - LRK - Which brings up the point that when and where you spent your younger years, probably shapes the way you look at things happening today. You may not remember plastic tax tokens, or saving balls of string, telephones that had dials and telephone companies with lots of stepper relays. :-) We went to the Moon with a computer that you entered the one's and zero's on a Display and Keyboard unit, or DSKY. - LRK - ----------------------------------------------- http://www.abc.net.au/science/moon/computer.htm snip On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin had entered the Lunar Module they named 'Eagle' and were descending to the surface. They were about 6,000 feet above the surface and the descent engine was halfway through its final 12-minute burn that would land them safely on the moon, when a yellow caution light lit up on the computer control panel. It was a 1202 error, indicating a memory overload, and the astronauts asked Mission Control for instructions. The overflow had resulted from an unexpected flow of data concerning radar pointing. Because the computer had been programmed to recognize this data as being of secondary importance it would ignore it while doing more important computations. The responsibility for deciding if the error was crucial or not fell to 26-year old Steve Bales, the control room's expert in the lunar module's guidance systems. Jack Garman, supporting Bales from another console, remembered that a similar problem had been tried during a simulation a week or so before, so he reassured Bales that the mission could continue. snip ----------------------------------------------- Did provide many chances to think and be stimulated. - LRK - * * * * * * * * * * * * ". . . When President Kennedy began the lunar landing project, his science advisor, Jerome Wiesner, told him that the undertaking could not be justified on scientific grounds. Kennedy assured Wiesner that the other reasons for going ahead with Apollo were sufficiently compelling "In 1961, Kennedy, as well as many others, believed that visible achievement in space would become an essential element of national power and international leadership. As a symbolic undertasking driven by these political objectives, Apollo delivered. . . . "The U.S. space program became a source not only of national pride but of international respect. . . . "Over time, the pride and admiration have been tempered by other reactions, particularly in this country. The Apollo achievement has become a benchmark against which to measure the inability of American society to mobilize its resources to address other goals. We look back 20 years with nostalgia for past successes, and wonder why a country that once could send men to the moon cannot now use its skills and wealth to solve Earthbound problems. We asked others in the world to accept space achievements as a measure of a nation's character; then, in the aftermath of Apollo, we backed away from our own commitment to space. . . ." -"The Judgment of Time on Space," John Logsdon, Director, Space Policy Institute, George Washington University * * * * * * * * * * * * ----------------------------------------------- ... A BENCHMARK AGAINST WHICH TO MEASURE THE INABILITY OF AMERICAN SOCIETY TO MOBILIZE ITS RESOURCES TO OTHER GOALS (caps mine).... Wonder if the benchmark will be updated to reflect on how you get out of other countries after the use of smart bombs. Read Homer Hickam's "Back to the Moon" and make sure we know what our reasons for going to space are. Like an actor on stage, we go through life putting on different masks to fit the situation we are in. We take on roles and those looking at us see the Mask and Role we are playing. We need to look at the role we are playing and take stock on what its value is towards others as well as towards ourselves. I think we have some choice in what role we play. A method actor "gets into a role" and becomes that character. We need to check on what character we have become. Especially if the character becomes us. (how many did I lose on that one?) - LRK - ----------------------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * "The cost of the Apollo program was estimated at between $25 and $40 billion for the 1960-70 decade. according to the Census Bureau's 1971 Statistical Abstract of the United States, for an American population of about 200 million people, the annual cost of the Apollo program was less than $20 per person. During that same decade, the average American spent about $80 a year on cigarettes, $50 on beer, and over $50 on liquor." "The litter left on the moon by Apollo 11 had a value of $1 million. It included: * Eagle's descent stage * U.S. flag and staff * The mast for the solar wind experiment * The seismic package The laser reflector unit * A 1 1/2-inch silicon disk containing messages from leaders of 73 nations * A TV camera and tripod * A gold olive branch symbolizing peace Two life support systems An Apollo 1 patch commemorating Virgil Grissom, Edward White, and Roger Chaffe * Medals honoring cosmonauts Vladimir Komarov and Yuri Gagarin * An equipment bag with cameras, tools, and other items -Apollo Log * * * * * * * * * * * * ----------------------------------------------- GOING BACK TO THE MOON WILL CHANGE THE LAY OF THE LAND. THERE ARE THOSE THAT CONSIDER THE MOON SACRED. WILL THE MOON BE STRIP MINED IN THE PATTERN OF CROP SWIRLS OR SOME BIG BILL BOARD. Well it is a long way off, still the potential for changing the Moon's appearance might be considered. Does the world have a say in how we handle exploration? At the moment we can't see the Apollo landing sites. Will sifting through the regolith change its reflective properties? There have been reports of flashes from the Moon. If we go there and really set up shop, will we light it up at night from more than just the reflection from the Sun? What will Earth look like from the Moon? http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap001127.html http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02991 http://www.fourmilab.ch/cgi-bin/uncgi/Earth/action?opt=-m http://www.fourmilab.ch/cgi-bin/uncgi/Earth/action?opt=-s http://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/vplanet.html http://www.fourmilab.ch/cgi-bin/uncgi/Earth/action?opt=-m&img=MoonTopo.evif ----------------------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * ". . . However, just as we did not go to the moon in the name of science to begin with, it's unlikely that science will be the reason for going back. Instead, talk has focused on the resources the moon has to offer. Oxygen, for example, is a constituent of some lunar materials. Lunar oxygen would be available not only to settlers who harvested it, but also for spacecraft in Earth orbit that could use it for propellant-because of the moon's weaker gravity, shipping oxygen from the moon would be far cheaper than hauling it up from Earth. "Another lunar resource of potentially enormous value is helium-3, an isotope long known to physicists studying nuclear fusion as a cleaner, more efficient alternative to the fuels envisioned for 'conventional' fusion reactors. On Earth, helium-3 exists only in minute quantities as a by-product of the production of thermonuclear weapons. But on the moon it is plentiful, one of the many gases deposited there by the sun in a stream of charged particles called the solar wind. Furthermore, according to University of Wisconsin nuclear physicist Jerry Kulcinski, if lunar settlers could harvest the gas they would reap other resources of great value for their survival on the moon. for example, Kulcinski says, every ton of helium-3 extracted by lunar settlers would yield 3,300 tons of water. "If we had a helium-3 mine up there," he says, "we'd have enough water to have swimming pools." -"Why Haven't We Gone Back?" Andrew Chaikin * * * ----------------------------------------------- BRINGS US BACK TO WHY GO TO THE MOON. DO WE GO JUST FOR SCIENCE OR FOR SOMETHING BIGGER THAN JUST SCIENCE? I like gadgets but that is not enough of a reason to spend the time, money, risk to go to the Moon. It probably will not sell to the taxpayer either. It remains to be seen if society can see a vision that benefits all the world and works for you. Or, it can just be another race, that once over, is forgotten again, for another 30+ years. If it was made into a movie, could make millions for a weekend or two. If it was for real, could change a lot of lives. Then again, I can always pull the weights up on the grandfather clock and count 3 more days gone by. :-) - LRK - ----------------------------------------------- * * * ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040405/5f681d85/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Mon Apr 5 01:38:54 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Mon, 5 Apr 2004 00:38:54 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Neil Armstrong and speeches on achievement Message-ID: When you talk about going to the Moon and Beyond you are opening up an exciting vista for engineers to think about and you will give them an opportunity to solve many interesting problems. What a thrill it will be for the students graduating who are looking for a challenge. You will enjoy listening to Neil Armstrong back in the year 2000. Check it out. Let your young engineer to be, see what just might be in store for them. :-) Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/57054main_armstrong.pdf (83 KB pdf file) The first man to set foot on the moon says the new Vision for Space Exploration has "substantial merit and promise." Apollo 11 Commander Neil Armstrong recently reflected on the history of the Space Age and looked ahead to future exploration plans, noting that "our economy can certainly afford an effort of this magnitude." Armstrong made the speech in Houston on March 11, 2004, where he was awarded the National Space Trophy by the Rotary National Award for Space Achievement (RNASA) Foundation. He was introduced by famed NASA Flight Director Christopher Kraft. Armstrong speaks at the Rotary National Award For Space Achievement dinner on March 11 in Houston. snip >From time to time, new grand plans have been announced, only to decay and dissolve from an inadequate level of public support, as interpreted by their elected officials. Now our president has introduced a new initiative with renewed emphasis on exploration of our solar system and expansion of the human frontiers. This proposal has substantial merit and promise. The success of that endeavor will be dependent on overcoming principle concerns of cost and risk. Our economy can certainly afford an effort of this magnitude, but the public must believe that the benefits to society deserve the investment. Noted the advancement of knowledge, the rate of progress is proportional to the risk encountered. The public at large may well be more risk-adverse than the individuals in our business, but to limit the progress in the name of eliminating risk is no virtue. The success of the endeavor will also be dependent on the degree to which the aerospace community, all of us -- government, industry, and academia -- can coalesce their forces and converge on a common goal. snip ------------------------------------------------------------- READ ON THE WEB IF YOU DON'T CARE TO DOWNLOAD THE PDF FILE. - LRK - http://www.spacedaily.com/news/lunar-04m.html Washington - Mar 23, 2004 Apollo 11 Commander Neil Armstrong recently reflected on the history of the Space Age and looked ahead to future exploration plans, noting that "our economy can certainly afford an effort of this magnitude." ============================================================= http://www.connectlive.com/events/engineersweek/ Engineer Neil A. Armstrong announced the Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century at the National Press Club on February 22, 2000. His speech, entitled "The Engineered Century," is presented in its entirety on this webcast. http://www.connectlive.com/events/pressclub/ram/npclun-022200-neil-armstrong .ram VIEW THE VIDEO (RealMedia 28/100k player required) http://www.greatachievements.org/ Welcome! How many of the 20th century's greatest engineering achievements will you use today? A car? Computer? Telephone? Explore our list of the top 20 achievements, and learn how engineering shaped a century and changed the world. Click here for a printer-friendly version of this page. 1. Electrification http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_1_1.html 2. Automobile http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_2_1.html 3. Airplane http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_3_1.html 4. Water Supply and Distribution http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_4_1.html 5. Electronics http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_5_1.html 6. Radio and Television http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_6_1.html 7. Agricultural Mechanization http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_7_1.html 8. Computers http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_8_1.html 9. Telephone http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_9_1.html 10. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_10_1.html 11. Highways http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_11_1.html 12. Spacecraft http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_12_1.html 13. Internet http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_13_1.html 14. Imaging http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_14_1.html 15. Household Appliances http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_15_1.html 16. Health Technologies http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_16_1.html 17. Petroleum and Petrochemical Technologies http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_17_1.html 18. Laser and Fiber Optics http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_18_1.html 19. Nuclear Technologies http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_19_1.html 20. High-performance Materials http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_20_1.html ============================================================== http://www.moondaily.com/ Your Portal To Luna ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040405/f7f7e80b/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Fri Apr 2 21:35:24 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Fri, 2 Apr 2004 21:35:24 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Lunar Science & Resources: Future Options -- Congressional Testimony of Paul D. Spudis Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07BADAA0@exchange.prog.altair.com> Good day, Another week goes by and Hearings continue to gather information on Exploring Space as proposed by President Bush. The Testimony of Paul D. Spudis as posted on spaceref.com is copied below. The other references will take you to more posts by spaceref.com and the original sources from House Committee on Science Hearings. If we are to go to the Moon and Mars with humans there needs to be a rich source of supporting justification if it is to be more than just a fact finding mission. The idea of really opening up Space as new frontier is what I am thinking of. You may find the testimony interesting. If you are with me on this adventure, will be happy to continue gathering information. - LRK - http://www.house.gov/science/welcome.htm House Committee on Science - Latest News & Information http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/index.htm House Committee on Science - Hearings http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/index.htm Space and Areonautics Subcommittee Hearings 108th Congress - 2nd Session Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=12407 STATUS REPORT Date Released: Friday, April 02, 2004 Source: House Science Committee Congressional Testimony of Paul D. Spudis: Lunar Science & Resources: Future Options Dr. Paul D. Spudis Planetary Scientist April 1, 2004 Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, thank you for inviting me here today to testify on the subject of lunar science, resources, and the US space program. Recently, President Bush articulated a new strategic direction for America in space, one that includes a return to the Moon and the development and use of off-planet resources. Although we conducted our initial visits to that body over 30 years ago, we have recently made several important discoveries that indicate a return to the Moon offers many advantages and benefits to the nation. In addition to being a scientifically rich object for study, the Moon offers abundant material and energy resources, the feedstock of an industrial space infrastructure. Once established, such an infrastructure will revolutionize space travel, assuring us of continuous, routine access to cislunar space (i.e., the space between and around Earth and Moon) and beyond. The value of the Moon as a space destination has not escaped the notice of other countries - at least four new robotic missions are currently being flown or prepared for flight by Europe, India, Japan, and China and advanced planning for human missions in many of these countries is already underway. Additionally, at least two of these future planned missions (India and China) have advanced their launch dates considerably within the last month, indicating that these nations recognize both the importance and value of the Moon and the urgency of establishing a presence there. The points below elaborate on WHY the nation needs to return to the Moon and why that return should take place NOW rather than later. (1) The Moon is close, accessible with existing systems, and has resources that we can use to create a true, economical space-faring infrastructure The inclusion of the Moon as the first destination in the President's new vision was no accident. The Moon is both a scientific bonanza and an economic treasure trove, easily reachable with existing systems and infrastructure that can revolutionize our national strategic and economic posture in space and at home. The dark areas near the poles of the Moon contain significant amounts (at least 10 billion tons) of hydrogen, most probably in the form of water ice. This ice can be mined to support human life on the Moon and in space and to make rocket propellant (liquid hydrogen and oxygen). Moreover, we can return to the Moon using existing infrastructure of evolved-expendable and Shuttle-derived launch systems for only a modest increase in the space budget within the next five years. The Moon is also a testing ground, a small nearby planet where we can learn the techniques of the strategies and operations we need to explore the solar system. The "mission" of this program is to go to the Moon to learn how to use off-planet resources to make space flight easier and cheaper in the future. Rocket propellant made on the Moon will permit routine access to cislunar space by people and machines, vital to the servicing and protection of national strategic assets and for the repair and refurbishing of commercial satellites. The availability of refueling capability in low Earth orbit would completely change the way engineers design spacecraft and the way companies and the government think of investing in space assets. This capability will serve to dramatically reduce the cost of space infrastructure to both the government and to the private sector, thus spurring economic investment (and profit). (2) The Moon is a unique scientific resource on which important research, ranging from planetary science to astronomy and high-energy physics, can be conducted. Generally considered a simple, primitive body, the Moon is actually a small planet of surprising complexity. The period of its most active geological evolution, between 4 and 3 billion years ago, corresponds to a "missing chapter" of Earth history. The processes that work on the Moon - impact, volcanism, and tectonism (deformation of the crust) - are the same ones that affect all of the rocky bodies of the inner solar system, including the Earth. Because the Moon has no atmosphere or running water, its ancient surface is preserved in nearly pristine form and its geological story can be read with clarity and understanding. Because the Moon is Earth's companion in space, it retains a record of the history of this corner of the Solar System - vital knowledge unavailable on any other planetary object. Of all the scientific benefits of Apollo, appreciation of the importance of impact (the collision of solid bodies) in planetary evolution must rank highest. Before we went to the Moon, we had to understand the physical and chemical effects of these collisions, events completely beyond the scale of human experience. Of limited application at first, this new knowledge turned out to have profound consequences. We now believe that large-body collisions periodically wipe out species and families on Earth, most notably, the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago. The telltale residue of such large body impacts in Earth's past is recognized because of knowledge we acquired about impact from the Moon. Additional knowledge still resides there; while the Earth's surface record has been largely erased by the dynamic processes of erosion and crustal recycling, the ancient lunar surface retains this impact history. Although other planets display craters, only the Moon resides in our vicinity of the solar system, records the same impact flux that has struck Earth over the geologic past and retains a unique record that cannot be read on any other body. When we return to the Moon, we will examine this record in detail and learn about its evolution as well as our own. Because the Moon has no atmosphere and is a quiet, stable body, it is a premier place to observe the universe. Telescopes erected on the lunar surface will possess many advantages over both Earth-based and space-based instruments. The Moon's level of seismic activity is orders of magnitude lower than that of Earth, permitting the construction of interferometers with multiple-kilometer baselines. Such an instrument can image the disks of terrestrial-sized planets orbiting nearby stars. The lack of an atmosphere permits clear viewing, with no spectrally opaque windows to contend with; the entire electromagnetic spectrum is visible from the Moon's surface. Its slow rotation (one lunar day is 708 hours long, about 28 terrestrial days) means that there are long times of darkness for observation. Even during the lunar day, brighter sky objects are visible through the reflected surface glare. The far side of the Moon is permanently shielded from the din of electromagnetic noise produced by our industrial civilization. Unique electromagnetic windows on the sky, such as low-frequency shortwave radio (~10-100 m), can be mapped only from the lunar far side. There are areas of perpetual darkness and sunlight near the poles of the Moon. The dark regions are very cold, only a few tens of degrees above absolute zero and these natural "cold traps" can be used to passively cool infrared detectors. Thus, telescopes installed near the lunar poles can see both entire celestial hemispheres at once with infrared detectors, cooled courtesy of the cold traps. Recent suggestions that lunar dust poses unsolvable problems and difficulties for telescopes on the Moon are incorrect; lunar dust does not "coat" surfaces if left undisturbed. The Apollo astronauts became covered in dust because in some cases, they fell, knelt, or had to literally wallow in dust to pick up the samples they wanted to return. The best evidence that lunar dust creates no long-term problems comes from the performance of the Laser Ranging Retroreflectors (LRRR), which were deployed by Apollo astronauts at four different sites. These passive arrays of glass cubes are used as mirrors to reflect laser pulses sent from Earth in order to precisely measure the Earth-Moon distance. After over 30 years of continuous use and exposure to the lunar dust environment, they show no degradation of photon return whatsoever. (3) We already know the Moon possesses the resources needed to create a spacefaring transportation infrastructure in cislunar (Earth-Moon) space. The return of the Apollo lunar samples taught us the fundamental chemical make-up of the Moon. The Moon is a very dry, chemically reduced object, rich in refractory elements but poor in volatile elements. The composition of the Moon is rather ordinary, made up of common Earth minerals such as plagioclase (an aluminum, calcium silicate), pyroxene (a magnesium, iron silicate), and ilmenite (an iron-titanium oxide). The Moon is approximately 40% oxygen by weight. Light elements, including hydrogen and carbon, are present, but in small amounts - in a typical lunar mare soil, hydrogen makes up between 50 and 90 parts per million by weight. Soils richer in titanium appear to be also richer in hydrogen, thus allowing us to infer the extent of hydrogen abundance from the global titanium concentration maps returned by both the Clementine and Lunar Prospector missions. As usable commodities, lunar materials offer many possibilities. Because radiation is a serious problem for human spaceflight beyond low-Earth orbit, the simple expedient of covering surface habitats with soil can protect future lunar inhabitants from both galactic cosmic rays and even solar flares. Lunar soil can be sintered by microwave into very strong building materials, including bricks and anhydrous glasses that have strengths many times that of steel. When we return to the Moon, we will have no shortage of useful building materials. Because of its high abundance in lunar materials, oxygen production is likely to be an important early lunar product. The production of oxygen from lunar materials is not magical, but simply involves breaking the very tight chemical bonds between oxygen and various metals in lunar minerals. Many different techniques to accomplish this task have been developed; all are based on common industrial processes easily adapted to use on the Moon. Besides human life support, the most important use of oxygen in its liquefied form is to make rocket fuel oxidizer. Coupled with the extraction of solar wind hydrogen from the soil, this processing can make rocket fuel the most important commodity of a new lunar economy. The Moon has no atmosphere or global magnetic field, so the solar wind, the tenuous stream of gases emitted by the Sun (mostly hydrogen), are directly implanted onto the dust grains of the Moon. Although this solar wind hydrogen is present over most of the Moon in very small quantities, it too can be extracted from soil. Soil heated to about 700? C releases more than 90% of its adsorbed solar wind gases. Such heat can be obtained from collecting and concentrating solar energy using focusing mirrors on the lunar surface, a readily available form of energy on the Moon. Collected by robotic processing rovers, solar wind hydrogen can be harvested from virtually any location. Additionally, recent discoveries by space probes of the 1990's suggest that special areas exist where this material is present in much greater abundance, making its collection and use much easier. (4) Hydrogen, probably in the form of water ice, exists at the poles of the Moon in quantity and can be extracted and processed into rocket propellant and life-support consumables The joint DoD-NASA Clementine mission was flown in 1994. Designed to test sensors developed for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), Clementine was an amazing success story. This small spacecraft was designed, built, and flown within the short time span of 24 months for a total cost of about $150 M (FY 2003 dollars), including the launch vehicle. Clementine made global maps of the mineral and elemental content of the Moon, mapped the shape and topography of its surface with laser altimetry, and gave us our first good look at the intriguing and unique polar regions of the Moon. Clementine did not carry instruments specifically designed to look for lunar water, but encouraged by an interesting result from Arecibo radar data that suggested interesting deposits near the Moon's south pole, an ingenious improvisation used the spacecraft communications antenna to beam radio waves into the polar regions; radio echoes were observed using the Deep Space Network dishes. Results indicated that material with reflection characteristics similar to ice are found in the permanently dark areas near the south pole. This major discovery was subsequently confirmed in 1998 by a different experiment flown on NASA's Lunar Prospector spacecraft. The Moon contains no internal water; all water is added to it over geological time by the impact of comets and water-bearing asteroids. Dark areas near the poles are very cold, only a few tens of degrees above absolute zero. Thus, any water that gets into these polar "cold traps" cannot get out so over time, significant quantities accumulate. Our current best estimate of the amount of water on the Moon comes from two orbital measurements. The Clementine bistatic experiment indicates that an area of about 135 km2 of pure ice exists within an observed area of about 45,000 km2, corresponding to a concentration level of about 0.3 %. This radar estimate is consistent with observations from Earth-based radio observatories, including Arecibo and Goldstone, which show small, scattered areas of high radar backscatter within the sun-dark regions of the lunar poles. The Lunar Prospector neutron spectrometer found a concentration level of about 1.5 % water over an area approximately 12,000 km2 in extent. It should be noted that because of the observing geometry between Earth and Moon, Clementine and Earth-based radar can only examine about a quarter to a third of the total dark area of the lunar south pole, whereas Lunar Prospector collected data from 100% of the dark region. This difference in part may explain the discrepancy. In all, we estimate that over 10 billion metric tons of water exist at the lunar poles, an amount equal to the volume of Utah's Great Salt Lake - without the salt! Lunar polar water has the advantage of already being in a concentrated useful form, simplifying scenarios for lunar return and habitation. Water from the lunar cold traps advances our space-faring infrastructure by creating the first space "filling station" on the solar system highway. The poles of the Moon are useful from yet another resource perspective - the areas of permanent darkness are in proximity to areas of near-permanent sunlight. Because the Moon's axis of rotation is nearly perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, the sun always appears on or near the horizon at the poles. If you're in a hole, you never see the Sun; if you're on a peak, you always see it. We have identified several areas near both the north and south poles of the Moon that offer near-constant sun illumination. Thus, an outpost or establishment in these areas will have the advantage of being in sunlight for the generation of electrical power (via solar cells) and in a benign thermal environment (the sun is always at grazing incidence); such a location never experiences the temperature extremes (from 100? to -150? C) found on the lunar equator. These properties make the poles of the Moon an inviting oasis in near-Earth space. (5) By allowing us to travel at will, with people, throughout the Earth-Moon system, a return to the Moon to use lunar resources gives the nation a challenging mission and creates capability for the future. Implementation of this objective for our national space program would have the result of establishing a robust transportation infrastructure, one capable of delivering people and machines throughout cislunar space. Make no mistake - learning to use the resources of the Moon or any other planetary object is a challenging technical task. We must learn to use machines in remote, hostile environments, working with ore bodies of small concentration under difficult conditions. The unique polar environment of the Moon, with its zones of near-permanent illumination and permanent darkness, provides its own challenges. But for humanity to have a foothold beyond low-Earth orbit, we must learn to use the materials available off-planet. We are fortunate that the Moon offers a nearby, "safe" laboratory for our first steps in using space resources. Initial blunders in mining tactics or feedstock processing are better practiced three days from Earth than from Mars, located many months of space travel away. A mission learning to use these lunar resources is scalable in both level of effort and the types of commodities to be produced. We begin by using the resources that are the easiest to extract. Thus, a logical first product is water derived from the lunar polar deposits. Water is producible there regardless of the nature of the polar volatiles - ice of cometary origin is easily collected and purified while molecular hydrogen on lunar dust from the solar wind can be combined with oxygen extracted from rocks and soil (through a variety of processes) to make water. Water is easily stored for use as a life-sustaining substance for people or broken down into its constituent hydrogen and oxygen for use as rocket propellant. Although we currently possess the minimal information to plan a lunar return, investment in a few robotic precursor missions would be greatly beneficial. We should map the polar deposits of the Moon from orbit using imaging radar to determine the extent, purity, and thickness of the ice in these dark regions. A camera and associated instrument to make a high resolution global topographic map (e.g., radar or laser altimetry) is also needed on this orbital mission to make high quality maps for future explorers and miners. The next step will be to land small robotic probes to conduct chemical analyses of the polar deposits and radio results to Earth. Although we expect water ice to dominate the deposit, impact deposits from cometary cores are made up of many different substances, including methane, ammonia, and organic molecules, all potentially useful resources. We need to inventory these species, determine their chemical and isotopic properties, and their physical nature and environment. Just as the way for Apollo was paved by such missions as Ranger and Surveyor, a set of robotic precursor missions, conducted in parallel with the planning of manned expeditions, can make subsequent human missions safer and more productive. After these robotic missions have documented the nature of the deposits, focused engineering research efforts should be undertaken to develop the techniques and machinery needed to be transported to the lunar base as part of future human expeditions. There, the processes and principles of resource extraction will be established and validated, thus paving the way to automation and commercialization of the mining, extraction and production of lunar hydrogen and oxygen. (6) This new mission will create routine access to cislunar space for people and machines, which directly relates to important national economic and strategic goals. By learning space survival skills close to home, we create new opportunities for exploration, utilization, and wealth creation. Space will no longer be a hostile place that we tentatively visit for short periods; it becomes instead a permanent part of our world. Achieving routine freedom of cislunar space makes America more secure (by enabling larger, cheaper, and routinely maintainable assets in orbit) and more prosperous (by opening an economically limitless new frontier.) As a nation, we rely on a variety of government assets in cislunar space, from weather satellites to GPS systems to a wide variety of reconnaissance satellites. In addition, commercial spacecraft continue to make up a multi-billion dollar market, providing telephone, Internet, radio and video services. America has invested billions of dollars in this infrastructure. Yet at the moment, we have no way to service, repair, refurbish or protect any of these spacecraft. They are vulnerable with no bulwark against severe damage or permanent loss. It is an extraordinary investment in design and fabrication to make these assets as reliable as possible. When we lose a satellite, it must be replaced and this process takes years. We cannot now access these spacecraft because it is not feasible to maintain a human-tended servicing capability in Earth orbit - the costs of launching orbital transfer vehicles and propellant would be excessive (it costs around $10,000 to launch one pound to low Earth orbit). By creating the ability to refuel in orbit, using propellant derived from the Moon, we would revolutionize our national space infrastructure. Satellites would be repaired, rather than written off. Assets would be protected rather than abandoned. Very large satellite complexes could be built and serviced over long periods, creating new capabilities and expanding bandwidth (the new commodity of the information society) for a wide variety of purposes. And along the way, we will create new opportunities and make ever greater discoveries. Thus, a return to the Moon with the purpose of learning to mine and use its resources creates a new paradigm for space operations. Space becomes a part of America's industrial world, not an exotic environment for arcane studies. Such a mission ties our space program to its original roots in making us more secure and more prosperous. But it also enables a broader series of scientific and exploratory opportunities. If we can create a spacefaring infrastructure that can routinely access cislunar space, we have a system that can take us to the planets. (7) Timing is everything: It is important for America to undertake this mission NOW, rather than later. Many nations have recently indicated an interest in the Moon. The possible collection and use of lunar resources raises some interesting political and economic issues. Currently, the 1967 United Nations Treaty on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space prohibits claims of national sovereignty on the Moon or any other object. However, it is not clear that private claims are likewise prohibited under this treaty. The 1984 United Nations Moon treaty specifically prohibits private ownership of lunar assets, but the United States, Russia, and China are not signatories to that treaty, ratification of which was specifically rejected by the United States Senate. Our initial return to the Moon would be an engineering and scientific research and development project. We undertake our studies of the extraction of lunar resources to ascertain the best methods to harvest and use these materials. Our presence on the Moon does not give us title to it. However, a strong and continuing American presence on the Moon can help establish de facto the broad legal framework and economic paradigm of democratic, free-market capitalism off the Earth. It is not clear that other nations would be similarly inclined. In short, regardless of impressions, we are indeed in a race to the Moon - not a race comparable to the 1960's Cold War race to the Moon between America and the Soviet Union, but a race no less important in establishing future socio-economic stability. History has shown that our economic-political system produces the most wealth and freedom and highest quality of life for the most people in the shortest time. America needs to continue to lead in space, ensuring an open economic and self-determining, democratic framework is established off-Earth. (8) The infrastructure created by a return to the Moon will allow us to travel to the planets in the future more safely and cost effectively. This benefit comes in two forms. First, developing and using lunar resources can enable movement throughout the Solar System by permitting the fueling of interplanetary craft with materiel already in orbit, thereby saving the enormous costs of launch from Earth's surface. Second, the processes and procedures that we learn on the Moon will be applied to all future space operations. To successfully mine the Moon, we must learn how to use machines and people in tandem, each taking advantage of the other's strengths. The issue isn't "people or robots?" in space, it's "how can we best use the combination of people and robots in space?" People bring the unique abilities of cognition and experience to exploration and discovery; robots possess extraordinary stamina, strength, and sensory abilities. We can learn on the Moon how to best combine these two complementary skill mixes to maximize our exploratory and exploitation abilities. A return to the Moon will give us operational experience on another world. Activities on the Moon will make future planetary missions less risky as we gain valuable experience in an environment close to Earth, yet on a distinct and unique alien world. Systems and procedures can be tested, vetted, revised and re-checked. By learning to live and work on the Moon, we gain both experience and confidence in planetary exploration and surface operations. The Moon provides a nearby laboratory and industrial test-bed where we can hone our exploratory skills and lay the foundations for a future space-based economy. Human expansion to the Moon will provide new opportunities and horizons for the American entrepreneur, our businesses, and our workforce. Developing new technologies has always led to new markets and increased our general prosperity. Expansion of the economy is vital to our national health and security. Who will capitalize on this opportunity and become the next Rockefeller, Carnigie, Ford, Getty, or Gates? America needs a challenging, vigorous space program. It must present a mission that inspires, educates, and enriches. It must relate to important national needs yet push the boundaries of the possible. It must serve larger national concerns beyond scientific endeavors. The President's program fulfills these goals. It is a technical challenge to the nation. It creates security for America by assuring access and control of our assets in cislunar space. It creates wealth and new markets by producing commodities of great commercial value. It stimulates and inspires the next generation by example. A return to the Moon is a giant step into the Solar System. Thank you for your attention. ============================================================== http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lpi/spudis/ Spudis http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lpi/abspudis.html Dr. Paul D. Spudis Planetary Geology and Remote Sensing SEE THE INFORMATION ABOUT PAUL's BOOK - The Once and Future Moon, published by the Smithsonian Institution University Press. - LRK - http://www.earthsky.com/shows/profiles/spudis.php Scientist Profile: Paul D. Spudis, Lunar Geologist March 2003 by David S.F. Portree Paul D. Spudis is a planetary scientist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Baltimore, Maryland. His specialty is the geology of the Moon. He has also studied the geology of Mars, Mercury, and many other worlds. Dr. Spudis was Deputy Leader of the science team for the Clementine lunar mission in 1994, and has participated in NASA and National Academy of Sciences committees that helped shape future space exploration. snip ============================================================== http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/index.htm Space and Areonautics Subcommittee Hearings 108th Congress - 2nd Session April 1, 2004 - Subcommittee on Space - Hearing Lunar Science & Resources: Future Options Charter - pdf | moon article - pdf | Paul Spudis | Daniel Lester - pdf | Donald Campbell - pdf | John Lewis | Timothy Swindle | http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/charter.pdf http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/moon_article1.pdf http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/spudis.htm http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/lester.pdf http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/campbell.pdf http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/lewis.htm http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/swindle.htm March 18, 2004 - Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics on Hearing NASA-Department of Defense Cooperation in Space Transportation Charter - pdf | Ronald Sega | Rear Admiral (ret.) Craig E. Steidle | Maj. Gen. (ret.) Robert Dickman | Elon Musk | http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/mar18/charter.pdf http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/mar18/sega.htm http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/mar18/steidle.htm http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/mar18/dickman.htm http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/mar18/musk.htm ============================================================== http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=12419 House Science Committee Hearing Charter: Lunar Science & ... Space Ref - 1 hour ago On Thursday, April 1, 2004 at 1:00 pm, the Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics will hold a hearing to examine current thinking about the suitability of the ... http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=12415 Congressional Testimony of John S. Lewis: Lunar Science & ... Space Ref - 2 hours ago Chairman Rohrabacher, members of Congress, ladies and gentlemen: It is my pleasure to offer some remarks concerning the role of the Moon and its mineral ... http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=12414 Congressional Testimony of Timothy D. Swindle: Lunar Science & ... Space Ref - 2 hours ago Chairman Rohrabacher, members of the committee, ladies and gentlemen: Thank you for the invitation to talk about issues regarding lunar science and lunar ... http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=12416 Congressional Testimony of Daniel F. Lester: Lunar Science & ... Space Ref - 2 hours ago Testimony of Daniel F. Lester, McDonald Observatory, University of Texas before the US House of Representatives Committee on Science, Subcommittee on Space and ... http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=12407 Testimony of Dr. Paul D. Spudis to the Subcommittee on Space and ... Space Ref - 6 hours ago Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, thank you for inviting me here today to testify on the subject of lunar science, resources, and the US space program ... http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=13969 NASA's Space Initiative: Moon's Potential is Uncertain, Experts ... Space Ref - 22 hours ago WASHINGTON, DC - A panel of scientific experts testified today to the Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics that more data are needed to determine if the moon ... http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-57/iss-4/p43.html Planetary Diversity PhysicsToday.org - Apr 1, 2004 Planets come in a wide variety of types and exhibit a wide range of complex behavior. Still, we can ask--and answer--some fundamental questions about them. ... http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=13951 University of Arizona Professors Testify at Congressional Lunar ... Space Ref - Mar 31, 2004 Two University of Arizona planetary scientists will testify this week before the House Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics. The ... ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040402/d151e076/attachment.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Thu Apr 29 23:54:25 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Thu, 29 Apr 2004 22:54:25 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] NASA's Exploration Systems Enterprise (Code T) releases "Request for Information" Message-ID: Good evening. I have a smile on my face. :-) I read the announcement of this Request For Information that came to me on an Ames e-mail. Since the URL is available to all and the request is offered to all, I thought I would pass it on. - LRK - Still, I feel like NASA has gone fishing. Anyone who might submit a proposal to some request for proposal later, might be interested in submitting a paper, but don't think that it is a proposal or that you would be asked to propose. - LRK - Nothing binding here, just give us your ideas. Then again, should there be a request for a proposal, you would know whether you should propose to propose, or something like that. :-) - LRK - If you want to build a nuclear power source that would help us to go to the Moon, Mars, and Beyond, you might read this RFI very carefully. - LRK - Got ideas on how to stuff a sardine can? - LRK - Know how to keep folks interested for the next decades to come? - LRK - ============================================================= http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/GMSFC/POVA/NASA-SNOTE-040421-001/Synopsis.html A--EXPLORATION SYSTEMS ENTERPRISE REQUEST FOR INFORMATION [VERY DENSE HTML PAGE, POORLY FORMATED AND ALMOST UNREADABLE - all said in one breath. - COPY AND REWORK SO YOU CAN READ IF YOU ARE INTERESTED. - LRK - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- Focus Areas for RFI 01 - Posted on Apr 21, 2004 http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/GMSFC/POVA/NASA-SNOTE-040421-001/Attachments.ht ml [WHICH GIVES YOU A REFERENCE TO THE WORD DOCUMENT BELOW - LRK -] [13 PAGE, 66 KB, VERY READABLE, GOOD OUTLINE FOR A BOOK - LRK -] http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/eps/eps_data/109972-OTHER-001-001.doc EXPLORATION SYSTEMS ENTERPRISE REQUEST FOR INFORMATION RFI Focus Area: Design Principles, Objectives, and Guidelines LESSONS LEARNED Issue(s): What lessons have been learned from our previous operational robotic and human exploration activities? Suggested paper topics. What lessons have been learned from our robotic and human exploration of the Moon, robotic exploration of Mars, STS, ISS, and other low rate production and flight programs which may be applicable to the new Nation's vision? What lessons have been learned from attempts to achieve technology infusion and incorporation of enhancements? Discuss good and bad approaches to requirements formulation, development, flight operations and acquisition strategies (including structure and maintenance of relationship with industry). For example, if the Apollo program were repeated today, what would we do the same, and what would we do differently? snip Modification 01 - Posted on Apr 21, 2004 http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/GMSFC/POVA/NASA-SNOTE-040421-001/Modification%2 001.html snip Description This is a modification to the synopsis entitled Exploration Systems Enterprise Request for Information which was posted on April 21, 2004. You are notified that the following changes/clarifications are made: (1) the URL referenced in the RFI will be available and active for electronically uploading white paper responses by no later than May 14, 2004; (2) the RFI is open for white paper responses from any organizations or individuals without restriction; including foreign entities or individuals, and NASA or other Government entities or individuals; and (3) there are no page limits on white paper responses although respondees are requested to be as concise as possible to expedite review. The due date for responses of May 20, 2004 is not extended. snip ============================================================= http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/eps/eps_data/109972-OTHER-001-001.doc [Just copied the topics to whet your appetite. - LRK - EXPLORATION SYSTEMS ENTERPRISE REQUEST FOR INFORMATION RFI Focus Area: Design Principles, Objectives, and Guidelines LESSONS LEARNED SUSTAINABILITY AFFORDABILITY RELIABILITY & SAFETY COMPLEXITY EFFECTIVENESS REUSABILITY LIFECYCLE ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES RFI Focus Area: Crosscutting Design Drivers and Architecture Elements MISSION MODEL / UTILIZATION ASSUMPTIONS COMMONALITY: IN-SPACE AND LUNAR SURFACE COMMONALITY: MARS AND LUNAR CREW SIZE HUMAN-ROBOTIC COLLABORATION AND INTERFACES AUTONOMY AND OPERATIONS MISSION OPERATIONS PAYLOADS MASS REDUCTION IN STRUCTURES REFUELING AND RESUPPLY IN-SPACE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE IN-SPACE ASSEMBLY (including Automated Rendezvous and Docking) POWER AND PROPULSION ISSUES CEV AND OTHER SYSTEM CONCEPT OPTIONS AND VARIATIONS SURFACE POWER FOR HUMAN EXPLORATION OF THE MOON AND MARS PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR FAST PILOTED MISSIONS TO MARS LAUNCH INFRASTRUCTURE EVA TECHNOLOGY & ADVANCED CONCEPTS REUSABILITY VERSUS LIMITED-USE FOR SPACE SUIT LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM COMPONENTS RFI Focus Area: Program Management, Acquisition, and Interfaces REQUIREMENTS FORMULATION AND EVOLUTION SYSTEM-OF-SYSTEMS INTEGRATION ACQUISITION STRATEGY PROGRAM/PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS ASSESSMENT MODELING & TESTING TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT SCIENCE OPPORTUNITIES ASSESSMENT CAIB RECOMMENDATIONS TEAMING ARRANGEMENTS COMMERCIAL OPPORTUNITIES SECURITY OPPORTUNITIES PUBLIC OUTREACH AND ENGAGEMENT ============================================================= SO WHAT DO YOU THINK? REMEMBER - ANYTHING YOU SUBMIT MAY BE SHARED - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/GMSFC/POVA/NASA-SNOTE-040421-001/Synopsis.html snip Papers should be delivered to the following Focus Areas: Design Principles, Objectives, and Guidelines; Crosscutting Design Drivers and Architecture Elements; and Program Management, Acquisition, and Interfaces. Each submission will receive an electronic notification of a successful upload. Any information obtained as a result of this RFI is intended to be used by the Government on a non-attribution basis for program planning and acquisition strategy development. Providing data/information that is limited or restricted for use by the Government for that purpose would be of very little value and such restricted/limited data/information is not solicited. By submitting information in response to this RFI, submitters of such information impliedly consent to the release and dissemination of submitted information to any Government or non-Government entity to which NASA releases and disseminates the information for review. Review may be performed by multi-disciplined review teams. Review teams may be comprised of Government personnel from NASA?s Exploration Systems Enterprise, other NASA Enterprises, NASA Centers, and/or other Government agencies. Moreover, review teams may include third parties, such as contractor personnel who support NASA. As such, to the extent that any information submitted in response to this RFI is marked as or construed to be proprietary or business-sensitive, submitters are hereby notified (a) about the potentiality that such information may be disclosed to third parties and (b) that submission of information in response to this RFI constitutes consent to such handling and disclosure of submitted information. This RFI is being used to obtain information for planning purposes only and the Government does not presently intend to award a contract at this time. As stipulated in FAR 15.201(e), responses to this notice are not considered offers and cannot be accepted by the Government to form a binding contract. This RFI is subject to FAR 52.215-3. snip :-) Just gone fishing. -LRK - :-) ------------------------------------------------------------- I am for public outreach. :-) - LRK - PUBLIC OUTREACH AND ENGAGEMENT Issue(s): A critical aspect of a sustainable exploration program is the sustained engagement of the public in the vision and the mission. How can NASA design an exploration program that continually engages the public in a visceral manner? Suggested paper topics: What are some ideas for engaging the public in the exploration mission and how does this impact the overall architecture? Explore ideas such as high-bandwidth communication with high-quality video links. Discuss mechanisms that can be employed in the near-term to maintain sustained interest throughout the course of the Vision, by allowing the public to experience some of the challenges that NASA faces in executing exploration missions. ------------------------------------------------------------- Don't tell me I didn't give you a chance to shape the New Frontier. Just don't take more than a month to put your paper together - The due date for responses of May 20, 2004 is not extended. - LRK - Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= A Request for Information (RFI) has been released by NASA's Exploration Systems Enterprise (Code T). Details concerning the RFI are available online at:topics. http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/GMSFC/POVA/NASA-SNOTE-040421-001/Synopsis.html Background information: With the announcement of the Vision for U.S. Space Exploration, NASA has formed a new Exploration Systems Enterprise (Code T) that is charged with development of systems to be used in the exploration of the moon, Mars, and other destinations. The Exploration Systems Enterprise is responsible for developing and demonstrating the strategies and systems that will allow human and advanced robotic exploration of other worlds through the use of innovative approaches, new vehicles, and breakthrough technologies. The RFI is an invitation for white papers pertaining to Code T's Project Constellation and Project Prometheus in general, and the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) in particular. Considered in its entirety, Project Constellation refers to the complete system-of-systems required for human and human/robotic exploration activities on the Moon, Mars and beyond. Systems development in Project Constellation will be integrated with ongoing efforts in Project Prometheus, which was constituted to support technical development to advance space nuclear reactor, power conversion, radioisotope power systems, and electric propulsion technologies for robotic science missions, with the first identified mission for these technologies being the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) mission. With the advent of the Vision for U.S. Space Exploration, Project Prometheus has been directed to examine nuclear systems that can also enable human exploration of the Moon, Mars and beyond. For this RFI, no awards will be granted. But in a series of NASA Research Announcements (NRAs), Requests for Proposals, and other contracting vehicles to be released following this RFI, the Exploration Systems Enterprise will give innovative teams the opportunity to extend their efforts into funded concept definition, technology maturation, and development activities. Instructions for submitting papers: snip THE REST OF THIS MESSAGE WAS DIRECTED TO AMES EMPLOYEES AS THIS CAME FROM A CENTER E-MAIL. - LRK - ============================================================== 1182 subscribers If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040429/57385614/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Wed Apr 28 00:11:33 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Tue, 27 Apr 2004 23:11:33 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C080111FE@exchange.prog.altair.com> Good evening (hot hot here in Tracy, CA) (Laptop hot too. The price you pay for WiFi, but lets you watch the ball game and type too.) Ross W Sargent and Rick Fischer have pointed to more information about our proposed mission to the Moon in 2008. ---------------- http://www.thespacereview.com/article/136/1 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: the cornerstone of the vision by Taylor Dinerman Monday, April 26, 2004 ---------------- And if you back up to home for "The Space Review" http://www.thespacereview.com/index.html You will find many more interesting articles. - LRK - ---------------- What is The Space Review? The Space Review is a new online publication devoted to in-depth articles, commentary, and reviews regarding all aspects of space exploration: science, technology, policy, business, and more. more info http://www.thespacereview.com/about.html ---------------- So better not fill your in-basket, just let you read the work of others. - LRK - Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Hi Larry you may have seen this already http://www.thespacereview.com/article/136/1 Ross Ross W Sargent snip ============================================================= http://groups.yahoo.com/group/return_to_the_moon/ Discussions regarding America's new projects to return to the moon. Returning to the moon, and eventual settlement driven by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's new mandate. Reminder: New members are initially moderated. Part of the InsideKSC.com yahoo discussion groups: Inside KSC: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/inside_ksc Missions To Mars: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/missions_to_mars Project Constellation: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Project_Constellation ============================================================= [Return To The Moon] Digest Number 65 ---------------------------------------------------------------------~-> There is 1 message in this issue. Topics in this digest: 1. Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: the cornerstone of the vision From: "Rick Fischer" ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Message: 1 Date: Mon, 26 Apr 2004 17:15:15 -0400 From: "Rick Fischer" Subject: Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: the cornerstone of the vision The Space Review : by Taylor Dinerman Monday, April 26, 2004 Scheduled to be launched sometime in 2008, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) project is quickly approaching the point where some basic decisions have to be made. Given the time it takes for missions such as the LRO to be designed, built, tested, and certified, the need to get the requirements right, and to do so fast, is an early test of Code T and Admiral Steidle's ability to change the way things get done at NASA. The first requirement is to decide the goals of the LRO mission. Based on the vision paper, it can be assumed that the primary goal of this project is to map the Moon's usable resources so that Code T can begin to develop the technologies needed for in situ resource utilization (ISRU). Aside from the samples brought back from Apollo, there is still relatively little we know about the potential minerals-above all the water-that might exist on the Moon. The meaning of the data from the 1994 Clementine and 1998 Lunar Prospector missions is still being debated. We know, for example, that there is plenty of hydrogen on the Moon, but we do not know what form it is in or what it is chemically bonded with. It would be nice if the LRO can confirm or deny the presence of water ice in the dark craters of the south polar region. Choosing the right instruments to do this should be at the top of any list of priorities. Water is the second most valuable substance in the solar system (the most valuable, of course, being human brainpower.) In his April 1st testimony before the House Science Committee, Paul Spudis said that, "We estimate that over 10 billion tons of water exist at the lunar poles." If he's right, then the vision to build the Moonbase, to perfect ISRU technology and then go on the Mars, will be possible within roughly the time frame laid out by President Bush. If the water is not there, or if it is there in forms that make it difficult to extract, then the whole project will need to be rethought. There are a number of other imperatives for the LRO instrument package. It must include instruments to produce a detailed topographic map of the whole lunar surface. This means that a state-of-the-art laser altimeter much be included. There must also be a pan- chromatic one-meter resolution or less imager, and a multi- or hyperspectral sensor. Magnetometers and some sort of ground penetrating radars are also desirable. It is not likely that a suitable instrument suite can be made to fit inside the 40 or 50 kilo payload capability of a Delta 2. In order to put a probe into lunar orbit, enough propellant must be included so that the spacecraft can slow itself down. Unlike Mars, where the thin Martian atmosphere allows for aerobraking maneuvers, all of the energy needed to move into a capture orbit must be brought along from Earth in the form of hydrazine or another type of fuel. If NASA plans to launch LRO on a Delta 2, as most observers assume, the payload limits will probably ensure that the limited data that will be transmitted back to Earth will not be enough to accomplish the mission's most important goals. If, on the other hand, they decide to upgrade to an Atlas V or Delta IV EELV class vehicle, the mission design team will be able to put together an instrument package that will weigh in at 120 kilos, or more. This, along with enough fuel to maintain a low altitude orbit around the moon, will produce a spacecraft that will accomplish all the main objectives. Upgrading from a Delta 2 to an EELV will probably not cost more than 10 or 15 million dollars. Since the people who handle space budgets inside the Pentagon are desperate to see more EELVs fly, it is likely that they will be willing to look for innovative ways to help the LRO onto a more powerful rocket. In the case of the LRO, the more fuel it can carry the better. ESA's SMART-1 mission is on its way to the Moon, and Japan has two missions planned: Lunar A, to be launched in September of this year and Selene, whose launch date is planned for August 2005. The data from these missions will be helpful, but they are not geared towards gathering resource inventory data for ISRU. Only the LRO is specifically designed for this mission. This is critically important to the vision, since the Moon is only the first place that such an inventory will be taken. If LRO is done right, we will have a model for the future. If it is done wrong, not only will this be a waste of time and money but it will put the whole vision plan into jeopardy. Getting this right the first time will require proper funding and superb mission management. This will be a test that NASA, Code T, as well as the Administration and Congress, dare not fail. Rick Fischer rick.fischer at insideksc.com Inside KSC.com http://www.insideksc.com ============================================================== 1180 subscribers If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040427/3570daa1/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Sun Apr 25 17:25:41 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Sun, 25 Apr 2004 16:25:41 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] LIVING ALOFT: Human Requirements for Extended Spaceflight Message-ID: REALLY - YOU WANT TO GO TO THE MOON, MARS, AND BEYOND???? Back in 1985, the book "LIVING ALOFT: Human Requirements for Extended Spaceflight" wrote about the concerns for extended space flight. Think about it, stuffed into a can for a long period of time. Could you do it without punching out your fellow travelers? I found it interesting to flip through the pages of SP-483 to see what thought important back in 1985 and what was hoped to be accomplished on the International Space Station, yet to be built. http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/station/ The first module of the MIR would go up in 1986 and the first two modules of the ISS would be joined in 1998. The first crew would not take command until 2000. Now we say the ISS is just orbiting around Earth and we want to go further. Are we ready for that??? - LRK - Take a look at the table of contents for SP-483. Have we found the answers? -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports1.htm SP-483 LIVING ALOFT -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-483/cover.htm SP-483 LIVING ALOFT Human Requirements for Extended Spaceflight http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-483/contents.htm CHAPTER I - LIVING IN SPACE. BACKGROUND. A FRAMEWORK FOR FORECASTING. Guiding Assumptions. Theoretical Orientation. The Available Data. SPACE ENVIRONMENTS. The Physical Environment. The Social Environment. Basic Reactions to Space-like Environments. Temporal Fluctuations. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER II - BEHAVIORAL AND SELECTION IMPLICATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL CHANGES. PHYSIOLOGICAL DECONDITIONING. Simulation Studies. Resistance to Deconditioning. Countermeasures. VESTIBULAR ALTERATIONS. Manifestations and Theory. Resistance to Vestibular Effects. Countermeasures. VISUAL CHANGES. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER III - HABITABILITY. BACKGROUND. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT. Interior Space. Food. Hygiene. Temperature and Humidity. Decor and Lighting. Odor. Noise. HEALTH AND LEISURE. Recreation. Exercise. PRIVACY. Meaning and Functions. Theory. Bases of Needs. Mechanisms. Crowding. Territoriality. Privacy in Space. COMPLEX EFFECTS. Multiple Stressors. Aftereffects. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER IV - PERFORMANCE. DESCRIBING PERFORMANCE. Work Requirements in Space. Human Performance Abilities. ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE. Discrete-Task Assessment Techniques. Multiple-Task Batteries. Partial- and Full-Scale Simulation. In-flight Performance Assessment. Future Focus of Research on Performance Assessment. ISSUES IN ASTRONAUT WORK REGIMES. Factors Affecting Work Capacity. Factors Affecting Work Schedules. Factors Affecting Workload. The Effects of Desynchronosis. Sleep Disturbances. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER V - SMALL GROUPS. INTRODUCTION. INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CREW COMPATIBILITY. Gender. Age. Culture. Personal Attractiveness. Emotional Stability. Competence. Cooperativeness. Social Versatility. Similarities and Complementarities. Group Homeostasis. Crew Size and Social Compatibility. Assembling Groups. INTERPERSONAL DYNAMICS. Leadership. Cohesiveness. Compliance, Conformity, and Independence. Group Performance. Temporal Dynamics. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER VI - COMMUNICATION. INTRODUCTION. DIRECT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION. Verbal Communication. Nonverbal Communication. MEDIATED COMMUNICATION. Planning Considerations. Systems Requirements. Systems Effects. Application to Space. COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. Internal Communication. External Communication. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER VII - CRISES. INTRODUCTION. EXTERNALLY PRECIPITATED CRISES. Experience in Space. Individual Response to Threat. Group Processes. Implications for Space. INTERNALLY PRECIPITATED CRISES. Psychological Episodes. Transcendant Experiences. Substance Abuse. Grief. Crisis Intervention. Implications for Space. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER VIII - ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT. INTRODUCTION. SPACECREW STRUCTURE. Power Structures. Work Roles. Normative Structures. MOTIVATION. Rewards. Sanctions. EXTERNAL RELATIONS. Boundary Roles. Interorganizational Conflict. Models of Conflict Management. Reassimilation. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. CHAPTER IX - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS. PURPOSE. CHAPTER SUMMARIES. DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH. General Research Issues. Extended Spaceflight Variables. Competing Perspectives. Neglected Research Areas. RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES. Situations and Environments. Methods and Approaches. CONCLUSIONS. REFERENCES. -------------------------------------------------------------- COME FORWARD TO THE YEAR 2000 AND LISTEN AND READ WHAT WAS EXPECTED FROM THE ISS. - LRK - -------------------------------------------------------------- LIVING ALOFT November 2, 2000 http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/science/july-dec00/space_11-2.html An American and two Russian astronauts set up shop in the international space station today, 240 miles above the Earth. After a background report, Ray Suarez leads a discussion about human life in outer space. ... watch this segment in streaming video NASA SPOKESMAN: A milestone in space history set to get underway... RAY SUAREZ: The historic moment came early this morning as a capsule containing three astronauts arrived at the international space station. NASA SPOKESMAN: We have initial contact of the Soyuz capsule with the Expedition One crew to the international space station. RAY SUAREZ: As the astronauts opened the hatch to the station, mission control was enthused about what is hoped will be the first permanent human presence in space. The start of a long journey NASA SPOKESMAN: First crew went on board the station, and the command was given to the crew: Now make it come alive. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- NOW GO TO JSC AND LOOK AT THE DISTANCE LEARNING CURRICULUM AND SPEND SOME TIME PREPARING YOURSELF FOR THE JOURNEY TO THE MOON, MARS, AND BEYOND. IF YOU HAVE UP AND COMING SPACE TRAVELERS, THEY MAY WANT TO TAKE THE COURSE TOO. - LRK - THE JOURNEY BEGINS -41st Space Congress starts Tuesday, April 27, at the Radisson Resort at the Port, 8701 Astronaut Blvd., Cape Canaveral Florida. Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/About/General.cfm Distance Learning Modules: Twelve lessons have been compiled to prepare the scholars for their week at JSC and to familiarize them with space exploration. These activities are submitted (in sequential order) once every two weeks by our online system, the "Comm-Link" (accessible once signed-in). Each activity is reviewed by a certified Texas educator through the online system. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/default.cfm LESSONS - All Systems Go! (1) On-Orbit Burn (2) De-Orbit Burn (3) Some Assembly Required (4) Batteries Not Included (5) Space Station Science (6) Back to the Moon (7) Moon Base Alpha (8) Mars of the Mind (9) Robo-Nautics (10) Mission: Possible (11) Mars Live! (12) -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/ss/ss.cfm SHUTTLE - STATION - MOON http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/ss/1/default.cfm All Systems Go! (1) -------------------------------------------------------------- snip -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/ss/6/default.cfm Space Station Science (6) -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/ss/6/1.cfm Liftoff! Space Station Science In this lesson, you will explore specific science experiments being planned and carried out on the International Space Station (ISS). You will use a variety of 3-D and virtual models, interactive games and tutorials, videos, audios, and images to explore the systems and components of the International Space station. Some of the questions you will be able to answer include: How will long-duration spaceflight change the nature of science done in low-Earth orbit? How do the basic physical, chemical, and biological processes and how they behave in microgravity? What benefits will it have for people on Earth? In addition you will look at what life in a weightless environment is like in the chapter, Living Aloft. Finally you will explore some of the cutting edge technologies NASA has studied for the space station and beyond. In the Liftoff section are four chapters to read and enjoy. There are many images, links, videos and interactive models and games to link to on the internet. The Mission section is the activity that you need to turn in via the Comm Link. Don't forget to do the Quick Quiz after you have done the reading. The Extended Mission is a collection of links on the topic that you can use for further information, it is divided up into Activities and Research. When deciding on a final project the extensions are a good way to begin. For your assignment, you will choose an experiment that was done on board the Space Shuttle and redesign the experiment for long duration on the ISS. Chapters in this lesson include: The Laboratories The Research: Zero-G Science Toys in Space Life Science Engineering Research and Technology Living Aloft The Cutting Edge The Next Step ... To The Moon and Mars snip -------------------------------------------------------------- snip -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/ss/6/7.cfm Living Aloft The Human Factor "Life is either a daring adventure or nothing." - Helen Keller snip -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/em/em.cfm EARTH - TO MARS http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/em/7/default.cfm Back to the Moon (7) -------------------------------------------------------------- snip -------------------------------------------------------------- http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/em/11/default.cfm Mission: Possible (11) http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/cirr/em/11/object.cfm Objectives Lesson Eleven - Mission: Possible At the end of this lesson, students will be able to assess the physical and psychological impact of long duration space voyages by determining the needs and requirements for the total health of human crews (both physical and psychological) involved in a mission to the planet Mars. Students will be able to determine the requirements of a manned mission to the planet Mars including rationales for why we may first return to the Moon. Students will explore virtual-reality models, 3-D models, videos, online tutorials, and other multimedia links about human missions to Mars to accomplish this. Specifically, upon completion of this unit, students will be able to: Determine mission requirements (time factors) Cite the hazards of radiation and meteoroid impact Identify microgravity issues and Mars (one-third) gravity issues Explain the nutritional and exercise needs of astronauts and/or colonists Describe psychological adaptations and requirements of long-duration spaceflight including, Communications Keeping time Recreation, and Team and interpersonal relationships Justify the need for the prototyping and testing of systems on the Moon Determine the characteristics and requirements of Interplanetary spacecraft In-situ resource utilization Habitats and laboratories Plant growth facilities Mars space suits and tools Rover transportation Determine the characteristics of the ellipse in order to aid in calculating the Holman Transfer. Students will write a 300-word essay addressing one health concern for a human mission to Mars and design a piece of equipment, an apparatus, or a facility that will be needed by future explorers on Mars. Successful knowledge acquisition will be determined by students submission of 300-word essay and a design for a piece of equipment, an apparatus, or a facility that will be needed by future explorers that includes a drawing and a ? page description of how their design works, answering the Mars math questions correctly and by scoring at least 75 percent on the quiz. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- ============================================================== http://www.floridatoday.com/news/space/stories/2004a/spacestoryN0425SPACECON GRESS.htm April 25, 2004 Space plan spices up yearly event BY CHRIS KRIDLER FLORIDA TODAY CAPE CANAVERAL -- The future is a sparkling universe for the speakers at Space Congress this year. President Bush's plan to develop moon and Mars missions, along with such news as China's first human space flight and the shuttles' push to fly again, gave the annual conference a keen sense of purpose. .... The gathering of mostly space professionals runs Tuesday through Thursday at the Radisson Resort at the Port, with a customary golf tournament Friday. Gene Cernan, the last man to walk on the moon, will give a free talk at 9 a.m. Tuesday. Afterward, a high-profile panel will discuss the future of space exploration. ... Mars is a topic bound to attract interest, given the robotic rovers' continuing success. Robert Zubrin of the Mars Society speaks at the Thursday lunch. "Buckle up for a ride, because it will be very dynamic," Fox said. "It should be very fun." A space-science panel is expected to touch on Mars, too, at 3:30 p.m. Tuesday. "This is such an unbelievably, unprecedented time for scientific discoveries in deep space . . . you almost have to pinch yourself," said panel member Jim Garvin, NASA's lead scientist for the moon and Mars. ... The president's initiative mandates development of nuclear-powered spacecraft to help ships go farther, faster. Alan Newhouse, director of NASA's Project Prometheus, will talk about the nuclear push Thursday at 8:30 a.m. "I'll talk about the overall exploration initiative," Newhouse said Thursday, when he visited the local Sierra Club chapter to explain NASA's intentions. NASA has hired the Keystone Center, a nonprofit mediation group, to help the agency understand the concerns people have about nuclear spacecraft. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.floridatoday.com/news/space/stories/2004a/042404congresssked.htm April 24, 2004 41st Space Congress Radisson Resort at the Port, 8701 Astronaut Blvd., Cape Canaveral Space Congress schedule at Radisson Resort at the Port WHICH SEE ABOVE - LRK = -------------------------------------------------------------- ============================================================== 1180 subscribers If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040425/72ca006f/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Fri Apr 23 13:06:19 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Fri, 23 Apr 2004 12:06:19 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Jonathan's Space Report - No. 524 Message-ID: Good day. NASA's Gravity Probe B satellite launched April 20th and I failed to mention it. This has been a very long time in the making and folks I know from the Pioneer missions and Lunar Prospector Mission have been working on it at Stanford University. ------- http://einstein.stanford.edu/ LAUNCH UPDATE & HIGHLIGHTS FOR 20 APRIL 2004: ------- Thought I would make up for my omission by copying Jonathan's Space Report No. 524. He has a lot of other information as well. - LRK - In keeping with the idea of going back to the Moon, we have heard that others have plans to send spacecraft that way and that there is a launch in 2008 suggested in the Bush Vision for Space Exploration. ------ http://www.nasa.gov/missions/solarsystem/explore_main.html The Vision for Space Exploration: http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/55583main_vision_space_exploration2.pdf 1.9 Mb PDF http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/55584main_vision_space_exploration-hi-res.pdf 5.3 Mb PDF ------ Visions and suggestions require funding and that is a discussion not completed. http://www.spacedaily.com/news/spacetravel-04p.html Just to let you know that we are being told, that we will be told, that there is to be a proposal offering for this 2008 time frame, to send an orbiter to the Moon, consider this: ------- Posted: Mar 30, 2004 Center: HQ Title: NOTICE OF INTENT TO RELEASE A SOLICITATION FOR NASA LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER INVESTIGATIONS - MARCH 2004 Solicitation: HBD-03-30-04 Response Due: N/A Synopsis - Posted on Mar 30, 2004 http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eps/synopsis.cgi?acqid=109633 Description The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) intends to release an Announcement of Opportunity (AO) for Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Measurement Investigations in May 2004. These investigations will respond to the overall LRO mission objectives to obtain those measurements necessary and sufficient to characterize future robotic and human lunar landing sites and to identify potential resources, with emphasis on applied science/engineering assessments. The LRO mission will require a variety of instruments to be carried on a spacecraft to be launched in the fall 2008, with a prime mission phase in lunar orbit of at least one Earth year. The launch services and spacecraft will be NASA-provided resources. Proposals in response to this AO will be due 90 days after its formal release. Participation in this AO will be open to all categories of U.S. and non-U.S. organizations, including educational institutions, industry, not-for-profit organizations, Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, NASA Centers and other Government agencies. An extended version of this announcement can be found at "Announcements" at: http://centauri.larc.nasa.gov/LRO/ ------- This is to let folks who are interested in proposing, know that they should start seconded guessing what to propose. You work at getting the document in order based on past proposals and then do a change at the last minute to conform to the page requirements. It takes a long time to put together your participants and design your proposal in a way that hopefully will win in the selection process. When the real Request For Proposal comes out there often is not enough time to do all the work that would be necessary. That 90 days goes quickly. Now if the folks in Hawaii that worked on the "Polar Night" Discovery Mission proposal, pick up on this, they would have a head start. You need a spacecraft bus, instruments, launch vehicle, navigation expertise (would like to get to the Moon and in orbit). ---- http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/ http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/PSRDabout.html http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/moon2002/pdf/3067.pdf (11 kb 1 page PDF file) ---- You need software to handle the returning data and ground antenna support here on Earth. Not an easy task to put a team together and write a winning proposal. Then the fun begins in getting things built, tested, and launched when the Moon is in the right position to get there with least amount of fuel expenditure. ---- See LUNAR PROSPECTOR MISSION DESIGN AND TRAJECTORY SUPPORT. AAS98-323.pdf (387kb PDF file) http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/project/pdf/AAS98-323.pdf ---- And if you are lucky, you get hired to steal the data for a web site to show real time data and let you folks on the Internet watch. Later you end up sending out lunar-update posts. :-) - LRK - ---- http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/datavis/scidata.htm http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/datavis/reports.htm ---- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= Jonathan's Space Report No. 524 2004 Apr 23, Somerville, MA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- Space Station Expedition 9 has begun with the Apr 19 launch of Soyuz TMA spacecraft 11F732 No. 214, designated Soyuz TMA-4. Soyuz TMA-4 is transport mission ISS 8S and delivers the Expedition 9 crew of Gennadiy Padalka and Michael Fincke, together with the ESA/Netherlands DELTA mission crewmember Andre Kuipers, to the Space Station. The Dutch astronaut will return to Earth with the Expedition 8 crew of Michael Foale and Aleksandr Kaleri on Soyuz TMA-3, leaving Expedition 9 in charge of the station. Soyuz TMA-4 docked with the nadir port on Zarya at 0501 UTC on Apr 21 and the hatches to the ISS were opened at 0630 UTC. Meanwhile, another gyro on the station has shut down and may require a maintenance spacewalk to replace its failed electronics box. NASA's Gravity Probe B satellite was finally launched on 2004 Apr 20 after 40 years of development. The 3145 kg spacecraft carries 4 gyroscopes kept at 1.8 Kelvin by a liquid helium dewar, laser retroreflectors and 2 GPS receivers for orbit determination, a drag compensation system, and a 14 cm aperture quartz telescope. The challenging physics experiment, developed by Stanford University together with Lockheed Martin, will observe the 5th magnitude star IM Peg for over a year, attempting to measure the tiny shifts in the gyroscopes' orientation caused by the Lense-Thirring gravitomagnetic (or `frame-dragging') effect predicted by general relativity. The frame-dragging caused by the Earth's rotation will make the orbital plane rotate by 40.9 millarcseconds per year. GP-B's polar orbital inclination of 90.01 degrees was chosen to minimize the orbital plane rotation due to the Newtonian effect of the Earth's polar flattening, which is proportional to the cosine of the inclination. GP-B will also make an accurate measurement of the well-established gravitostatic warping of spacetime due to the Earth's mass, which is a much larger effect of 6.6 arcseconds per year in a perpendicular (in-plane) direction. One way of thinking about the gravitomagnetic effect is as a kind of antigravity, in that it decreases the gravitational attraction between two moving masses. Like electromagnetism, it is always smaller (by powers of v/c) than the static gravitational attraction. In electromagnetism, however, the static effect can be (and usually is) cancelled out by having equal amounts of positive and negative electric charges, and so the small relativity effect between moving charges that we call "magnetism" becomes dominant and indeed familiar. Because there are no negative gravitational charges (even antimatter particles have positive mass) this never happens with gravity, ensuring that the antigravity, moving-masses, Lense-Thirring effect is always much less than the normal positive gravity generated by the same masses, and thus doesn't do starship inventors any good. [Warning: I am not a real relativist: there are probably egregious errors in the above description.] In Newtonian physics when a satellite orbits a spherical planet the orbital plane of the satellite `stays put' and the planet `turns underneath it'. It doesn't matter whether or not the planet is rotating. The effect of relativistic frame dragging is to change the meaning of `stays put', rotating the path of a locally freely falling object near the planet with respect to the distant universe. We think of the gravity of the rotating planet dragging spacetime around with it. For a non-polar orbit, it becomes easier to orbit in the direction of rotation than against it, with the equivalent of Kepler's third law becoming inclination-dependent - in some sense a prograde orbit has a lower orbital velocity than a retrograde orbit of the same height, because the mass pulls it around for free. Around a rotating black hole, this effect becomes huge, and the last stable prograde orbit is much closer in than the last stable retrograde orbit. The Delta 7920 rocket entered a 167 x 652 km transfer orbit and then fired again to put GP-B in a 641 x 645 km x 90.01 deg orbit. The second stage then separated and two further burns put it in a 182 x 631 km x 94.56 deg orbit to ensure that it would not recontact GP-B and that it will reenter rapidly. China launched two small satellites from its low-latitude Xichang launch site on Apr 18 into a 599 x 615 km x 97.7 deg polar orbit. This was the first polar launch from Xichang; previous Chinese sun-synchronous missions were from Taiyuan. Shiyan 1 ('Experiment') is a 204 kg microsatellite developed by the Harbin Institute of Technology, with a stereo imager to carry out land resource mapping. Naxing 1 (a contraction of Nami Weixing 'Nanosatellite') is an experimental vehicle with mass under 25 kg to test small satellite technology and was developed by Tsinghua University in Beijing. Pictures of the launch show a fairing similar to the one used for the CZ-2C/SD but given the low total mass of the payloads I'm assuming that no upper stage was used and that the CZ-2C second stage entered orbit; payload deployment was 12 min after launch. Four objects have been cataloged: two objects in the 599 x 615 km orbit are probably Shiyan-1 and Naxing 1, while a third object in a 543 x 619 km orbit is believed by visual observers to be the second stage. Seven debris objects have been cataloged, of which four are probably the second stage separation motor covers. 2004-14D is in a much lower perigee orbit of 350 x 606 km x 97 deg and may have separated prior to second stage vernier cutoff. (It's also possible that 14D is the second stage, and 14C is a third stage insertion motor; at the moment I think this is less likely.) A Lockheed Martin Atlas IIAS, serial AC-163, was launched on Apr 16 into a 150 x 396 km parking orbit and then restarted to reach a 167 x 122343 km x 26.3 deg highly elliptical orbit. It delivered to orbit the Superbird 6 satellite, a Boeing BSS-601 model which will provide Ka and Ku band communications for Japan's Space Communications Corp. with the operational name of Superbird A2. The high apogee orbit will allow Superbird 6 to lower its inclination to equatorial with a minimum usage of fuel, and only then lower its orbital height to the 35780 km geostationary altitude. Once again, Space Command took a long time to issue orbital data; the first elset was issued on Apr 21, giving an orbit of 1137 x 120678 km x 25.48 deg following the initial apogee burns. The Briz from the Eutelsat launch and the Blok DM from the Kosmos-2406 launch have still not been tracked; I gather that Space Command has fewer deep space sensors than it used to, due to budget cuts. Given the increasing importance of deep space `situational awareness', I assume this suprising lack of US capability will be remedied fairly soon. Kosmos-2406 is now being tracked in geostationary orbit at 85.0E. Eutelsat W3A is on station at 1.8E. The Scaled Composites rocket-powered Spaceship One made its second powered flight on Apr 8 to an altitude of 32 km. This altitude has previously been exceeded on a piloted flight by the Ross-Prather 1961 balloon flight, one Ye-66 (modified MiG-21) and two Ye-266 (modified MiG-25) jet flights, several NF-104A Starfighter flights, one X-2 flight, many flights of the X-15 rocketplanes, and of course all spaceflights. Once the Scaled team reaches 37 km it will be closer to record territory: the highest non-X-15 piloted flights I am aware of were Aleksandr Fedotov's 37.7 km MiG E-266M flight on 1977 Aug 31 and Iven Kincheloe's 38.5 km X-2 flight on 1956 Sep 7. There were 70 flights of the X-15 higher than that. Table of Recent Launches ----------------------- Date UT Name Launch Vehicle Site Mission INTL. DES. Mar 2 0717 Rosetta Ariane 5G+ Kourou ELA3 Comet probe 06A Mar 13 0540 MBSAT Atlas IIIA Canaveral SLC36B Comms 07A Mar 15 2306 Eutelsat W3A Proton-M/Briz-M Baykonur PL81 Comms 08A Mar 20 1753 Navstar SVN 59 Delta 7925 Canaveral SLC17B Navigation 09A Mar 27 0330 Kosmos-2406 Proton-K/DM-2? Baykonur PL81 Comms 10A Apr 16 0045 Superbird 6 Atlas IIAS Canaveral SLC36A Comms 11A Apr 18 1559 Shiyan 1 ) CZ-2C Xichang Imaging 12A Naxing 1 ) Tech 12 Apr 19 0319 Soyuz TMA-4 Soyuz-FG Baykonur LC1 Spaceship 13A Apr 20 1657 Gravity Probe B Delta 7920 Vandenberg SLC2W Science 14A .-------------------------------------------------------------------------. | Jonathan McDowell | phone : (617) 495-7176 | | Somerville MA 02143 | inter : jcm at host.planet4589.org | | USA | jcm at cfa.harvard.edu | | | | JSR: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html | | Back issues: http://www.planet4589.org/space/jsr/back | | Subscribe/unsub: mail majordomo at host.planet4589.org, (un)subscribe jsr | '-------------------------------------------------------------------------' ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== 1185 subscribers If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040423/867f5fd8/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Thu Apr 22 01:20:06 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Thu, 22 Apr 2004 00:20:06 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] NASA SEEKS PARTNERSHIP IN DIGITAL IMAGERY Message-ID: I know you want to be a part of what has gone on with NASA and hopefully will get to see what comes in the future. NASA Headquarters is asking for proposals to make available films, videos, pictures that have been taken with the establishment of one or more non-reimbursable agreements that will define the full roles and responsibilities of NASA and the proposing organization(s). This sounds a lot like the Dreamtime Holdings, Incorporated venture that had offices at Ames Research Center and later failed to produce and was terminated. (building now has Carnegie Mellon University offices) I hope that there is a company that can do the job, but it is a big task and I wonder what it will cost us to see the imagery? Ads with every picture? I wonder if this is just one step up from volunteer service? At least you would have access but what if you destroy the only original? Still, they are in refrigerators now and not doing anyone any good. Who has the deep pockets, expertise, and desire to get these on a web site in an interactive form that any student can research? We have some of that now at GRIN. -------------------------------------------------------------- http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ snip GRIN is a collection of over a thousand images of significant historical interest scanned at high-resolution in several sizes. This collection is intended for the media, publishers, and the general public looking for high-quality photographs. Please note that downloading these image files may take some time, although searching and browsing should be relatively quick. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- AND THERE IS THE NASA IMAGE EXCHANGE. - LRK - -------------------------------------------------------------- http://nix.nasa.gov/ NIX -------------------------------------------------------------- Think of what you could do with a digital database that could be converted into 3D presentations. - LRK - Ron Wells, heads up, check your inside sources before control is lost. - LRK - Industrial Light & Magic, need source material for future movies. APOGEE BOOKS, more books, cds. -------------------------------------------------------------- http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eps/synopsis.cgi?acqid=109967 snip Benefits to Corporate Partners In exchange for the creation and facilitation of the digital dissemination and database of NASA imagery, NASA may consider negotiating brand placement, limited exclusivity, such as "official site" designation, and other opportunities as part of this collaboration. Creative concepts from the proposer regarding this opportunity will be considered by NASA, along with the effect that these concepts would have on ongoing programs and projects. For instance, those concepts with minimal NASA labor requirements or with minimal negative impact to the NASA organization and projects will have a higher probability of acceptance. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- THERE IS A LOT OF INFORMATION ON OTHER TASKS THAT NASA IS LOOKING TO FILL IN ADDITION TO THIS ONE. - LRK - -------------------------------------------------------------- http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/nais/index.cgi NASA Acquisition Internet Service http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/nais/link_syp.cgi Links to NASA's Business Opportunities (Procurement Actions) http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eps/bizops.cgi?gr=D&pin=04#109967 HQ Business Opportunities Title: SEEKING OFFERS TO DIGITALLY DISSEMINATE NASA MOTION PICTURE FILM, PHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEO, EXHIBITS AND OTHER MEDIA -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/HQ/OPHQDC/06%2D04%2D2004%2DHBD/listing.html Solicitation number : 06-04-2004-HBD Title : 99--SEEKING OFFERS TO DIGITALLY DISSEMINATE NASA MOTION PICTURE FILM, PHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEO, EXHIBITS AND OTHER MEDIA -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=1940 NASA, Dreamtime Partnership Propels Space Information Age to New Heights [WHAT WAS GOING TO HAPPEN, BUT DIDN'T LAST - LRK - -------------------------------------------------------------- SOUNDED TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE AND WAS. - LRK - -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/business/dreamtime_announce_000602.h tml MOFFETT FIELD, Calif. - NASA has joined the dot-com economy. Agency officials traveled to the heart of California's Silicon Valley on Friday, June 2 to announce that NASA has signed a seven-year deal with an ambitious internet start-up company. Under the terms of the unprecedented deal, Dreamtime Holdings will produce a wide array of space-related multimedia programming for the agency, including at least 30 hours weekly of high-definition television (HDTV) broadcasts from the International Space Station. (SPACE.com first reported details of the deal on Wednesday, May 31.) "We're going to bring space into everyone's hearts, souls and homes," pledged NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin, during a flashy press conference at the agency's Ames Research Center. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- AND MORE EMPHASIS NEEDS TO BE PLACED ON OVERSIGHT AND ACCOUNTABILITY - SO BE AWARE - - LRK - -------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oig/hq/Testimony031501.html snip Commercial ventures The 1998 Commercial Space Act established as national policy that the economic development of Earth orbital space is a priority goal of the ISS. NASA is now developing policies and processes intended to stimulate industry investment in ISS economic development. In June 2000, NASA and a newly created company, Dreamtime Holdings, Incorporated, announced a partnership to provide unprecedented public access to space exploration by delivering high-definition television coverage of astronaut activities aboard the ISS, as well as on the Space Shuttle. The partnership is also intended to create an easily accessible, Web-searchable, digital archive of the best of NASA's space imagery. Effective management of the Agreement is essential in order to ensure that the Government's rights and interests are protected. Our ongoing review of the NASA/Dreamtime partnership found that to ensure that the Government's rights and interests are protected, more emphasis needs to be placed on oversight and accountability. snip -------------------------------------------------------------- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================== -------------------------------------------------------------- Doc Mirelson/Sonja Alexander Headquarters, Washington April 21, 2004 (Phone: 202/358-1600/1761) RELEASE: 04-137 NASA SEEKS PARTNERSHIP IN DIGITAL IMAGERY NASA wants to make the historic imagery captured by the agency's exploration activities accessible to the public. NASA has requested proposals to digitize and consolidate agency analog, still, film, video and graphic imagery for easier public online research and retrieval. A comprehensive database of historical, educational and commercially viable material will be developed by a partnership between NASA and an organization or group. NASA has more than 115,000 film and video titles and millions of still images documenting the history of America's space program. NASA will review proposals from organizations sharing the agency's mission, values and goals that could provide entrepreneurial opportunities, in a nonreimbursable relationship, to provide public access to these vast imagery archives. Through partnerships with the private sector, NASA hopes to continue to inspire the next generation of explorers, while sharing the tremendous archives of imagery gathered during America's exploration of space. For information about this request for proposals on the Internet, visit: http://prod.nais.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eps/bizops.cgi?gr=D&pin=04#109967 or http://www1.eps.gov/spg/NASA/HQ/OPHQDC/06%2D04%2D2004%2DHBD/listing.html For information about NASA and agency programs on the Internet, visit: http://www.nasa.gov -end- * * * NASA press releases and other information are available automatically by sending an Internet electronic mail message to domo at hq.nasa.gov. In the body of the message (not the subject line) users should type the words "subscribe press-release" (no quotes). The system will reply with a confirmation via E-mail of each subscription. A second automatic message will include additional information on the service. NASA releases also are available via CompuServe using the command GO NASA. To unsubscribe from this mailing list, address an E-mail message to domo at hq.nasa.gov, leave the subject blank, and type only "unsubscribe press-release" (no quotes) in the body of the message. ============================================================== WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ ============================================================== - - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040422/e801097a/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Mon Apr 19 01:16:37 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Mon, 19 Apr 2004 00:16:37 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Cal Polly Space Systems Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07E2B26F@exchange.prog.altair.com> The beginning of the end of another week. :-) Would like to ask your assistance. It is nice to review history and for some of us, re-live it. We need to make sure we don't reinvent the wheel unless we have better wheels in mind. Still this list was 3600 strong during the Lunar Prospector mission because you were watching the real world happenings as they unfolded. http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/results/index.htm http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/lunarp/ Now that I have been talking about past events and events that might be, there isn't quite the same thrill. Yes we have finally gone back to Mars with orbiters and rovers that are sending back much information, but not enough. This list is now at only 1185 and I think you need to see what is happening now in preparation for going to the Moon and Mars again. You need an emotional high. A lot of preparation goes into these missions and there is a lot of competition. Not everyone gets the contracts. If you get a contract there may be years of preparation before a launch. Then there may be a wait to see if there will even be contracts. One never knows which way the political winds will blow. Sometimes you have to find ways to generate your own business. You start small and hope to gain exposure and generate credibility. You look for sponsors. Someone or some company that may have deep pockets and an interest in what you are doing. We have seen some competing for the X-Prize. Where does that leave students going through school? When you graduate you can't wait for some mission to start years in the future, you need a job now. If you are starting into a degree you are making decisions as to what courses to take and you trying to plan for the future. How do you tell them that they should study orbital mechanics, and how to design rocket engines when there are just so many communication satellites you can put into geosync orbit? Hopefully there is some mission gearing up and you are at an institution that has scientists working on designing instruments and you get in on the ground floor. You make it a career. ------------------------------------------------------------- We need ways to get to space that are affordable and if you want to establish a business in space you are looking for ways to get a return on investment. Not every launch is going to be a government launch. I have mentioned Starcraft Boosters, Inc. before and the students at Cal Poly Space Systems, a volunteer club based at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo have been launching rockets that are helping test the idea of a reusable booster for rockets that can fly back after it has provided its push. More of that below. - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- Now, what I need, is to hear from you about other events that are going on in the now, that are working on real support systems for going to space. I would like to see this readership double. It isn't going to happen unless there is something here that is worth reading about, something that interests you that are looking up. If you are working on project that will help us go to the Moon, Mars and Beyond, let me know. Will, with your permission, share. If you know of someone or some company that is working on items for space, ask them to let me know so that I can share with you. Tell them a thousand folks will read about it. (maybe two thousand :-) I have a stack of books that support going to space. I didn't study orbital mechanics in college. Still trying to get Dave Lozier to teach me. Will work on adding material to the web site as I learn. (takes more work than my copying links. :-( If you have material you would like to share will consider putting up on a web page as well. The links you have passed me can be posted too. Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= http://www.calpolyspacesystems.com/ While still on an emotional high from the success of the StarBooster(tm) project, the 2003-2004 school year for CPSS promises to reach higher and farther than ever before for CPSS. In addition to the continued work on the StarBooster(tm) project, CPSS will be heading in a new direction this year called Rocketoon. Check out our project page for more details. ============================================================= http://aero.cpss.calpoly.edu/media.htm Pictures and Videos in MPEG format. May 17-18, 2003 (Fresno, CA) Video: May 17, 2003 Flight (MPEG Format) May 18, 2003 Flight (MPEG Format) April 12, 2003 (Bakersfield, CA) January 3, 2003 (Paso Robles, CA) May 18th - 19th, 2002 (Fresno, CA) Video: May 2002 Flight (Quicktime Format) May 2002 Flight (MPEG Format, 19.5 MB) March 17th, 2002 (Fresno, CA) December 8th, 2001 May 19th - 20th, 2001 (Fresno, CA) Video: May 2001 Flight (MPEG Format) ============================================================= http://aero.cpss.calpoly.edu/projects.htm Rocketoon Project CPSS has now set its sights on being one of the first private teams to put an object in to space (62.5 Miles). The team is looking to use a balloon to lift a rocket above the dense air in the first 100,000 feet of the atmosphere and then launch the rocket to the edge of space. Using the same process developed from the StarBooster Project, CPSS will start small and build up to the final vehicle. Early flights will test recovery systems and onboard electronic packages on small rockets from ground based launches. Balloon based systems will also be developed in parallel to enable simple, small tests of whole systems only a few hundred feet from the ground. New systems under development for this fall include auto recovery systems to "fly" the rocket back to a predetermined site for easier recovery, advanced remote sensing equipment to monitor all aspects of the flights, a balloon based launch system, and a more robust ground control to receive this new deluge of data and allow team members to easily ascertain the status of the flight in real time. CPSS will begin by launching a rocket weighing approximately 3 lbs from the platform of a small weather balloon using a G size rocket engine. An initial flight test of the rocket and guidance system will take place in October and the first remote launch of a rocket off a small balloon at low altitude will occur in November. CPSS plans to take incremental steps launching larger systems to higher altitude as experience permits. The organization has many years of high power rocket experience and particular expertise in remotely controlled gliders and data acquisition. With this unique blend of aeronautical and aerospace experience and expertise, Cal Poly Space Systems looks to fly to the very edge of space itself. ------------------------------------------------------------- StarBooster(tm) Project The StarBooster(tm) project explores the concept of remotely controlled, fixed wing, flyable booster rockets that exercise a vertical launch followed by aircraft flight and horizontal landing. The Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) application is a fully reusable first stage booster. The first stage RLV lifts a second stage and payload to orbit before flying horizontally back to earth for a runway landing. The rockets have very short turn around times and give access to space a less expensive alternative to expendable launch vehicles and the space shuttle. RLV's represent an idea whose time has come, and CPSS is helping to demonstrate one vision of the future. The vision comes from Starcraft Boosters, Inc., which has designed this completely reusable first stage booster for taking payloads to space. The booster lifts expendable upper stages and payloads to a staging point, then drops off and does a glideback or fly-back to a runway using jet power. Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center are analyzing various configurations of RLV's and were interested in seeing a small scale flight demonstration of the unique StarBooster(tm) configuration. Cal Poly had just the right high power rocket and radio control experience to take on the project. The StarBooster(tm) configuration that CPSS originally used for its subscale demonstrator testing is shown here. The intent of the project is concept validation and data collection during flight that will aid in design and analysis of the full-scale vehicle. The subsonic rocket demonstrators have a conventional vertical launch, and then as the rocket begins its descent after its peak altitude, an R/C control system is used to fly the rocket as a glider to a controlled landing. snip ============================================================= http://www.calpolyspacesystems.com/ Cal Poly Space Systems is a volunteer club based at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo. Originally beginning as an aerospace engineering club, we have since expanded to include engineers and students from all majors. This was required as our projects gradually became more complex and a greater pool of resources was needed. CPSS is a club dedicated to the proliferation of amateur rocketry. Club members also get hands-on experience in rocketry design and materials. ============================================================= http://www.hobbyspace.com/AAdmin/archive/RLV/2003/RLVNews2003-05.html This section contains brief articles concerning developments in the field of reusable launch and space vehicles with links to news sources, NASA, company sites, etc. snip May 27, 2003 Students reuse Starboosters... "Cal Poly Space Systems (CPSS) rocket club from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo successfully launched, recovered, and re-launched a three-rocket cluster with two glideback boosters and a centerstage on May 17-18, 2003 at "Dairy Aire" near Fresno, California." CPSS Turns 2 StarBoosters Around in 24 Hours - Cal. Space Authority - May.20.03 (via ERPS). The 1.5m rocket cluster models the Starbooster design originated by Buzz Aldrin. A 3m single Starbooster also was launched successfully and it executed a horizontal landing safely as well. See the Cal Poly Space Systems home site for more about the project along with images and videos of previous launches. snip ============================================================= http://www.californiaspaceauthority.org/pr030517.html May 17-18, 2003 CPSS Turns 2 StarBoosters Around in 24 Hours Fresno, CA - Cal Poly Space Systems (CPSS) rocket club from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo successfully launched, recovered, and re-launched a three-rocket cluster with two glideback boosters and a centerstage on May 17-18, 2003 at "Dairy Aire" near Fresno, California. "Dairy Aire" is a launch event near Fresno organized by the Central California Tripoli group. Approximately 20 CPSS members ventured out to battle the heat and wind to prepare and launch their rockets. The plan was to launch the cluster vehicle and then launch the "old" orange 10-footer. ============================================================= http://www.californiaspaceauthority.org/pr020520.html May 20, 2002 CPSS Launches and Flies Back Two StarBoosters in a 3-Rocket Configuration Fresno, CA - Cal Poly Space Systems (CPSS) rocket club from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo successfully launched and recovered a three-rocket cluster with two glideback boosters and a centerstage on May 19, 2002 at "Dairy Air" near Fresno, California. Pictured at left is the rocket on ascent. The data-transmitting antenna is visible bending in the wind coming out of the back/top of the yellow StarBooster about halfway up the body from the tail. [Photo by Jeff Engelman.] The rocket system, consisting of two 5-foot StarBoostersTM (yellow and green - Cal Poly colors) strapped to a center stage (white), represents a step on the path to ubiquitous reusable launch vehicles. It lifted off the pad powered by a single Aerotech L-850 motor in the center stage. At apogee after a nearly perfect vertical ascent, the onboard altimeter measured +2073 feet and the pressurized CO2 charge to separate the vehicles was released. At this point, the two StarBoosters were on their own, each under remote radio control by pilots on the ground. Shortly after separation, the parachute on the center white stage was ejected and that segment drifted in as focus shifted to the yellow and green StarBoosters. snip [GO SEE PICTURES AND READ THE REST OF THE ARTICLE - LRK -] ============================================================= http://members.lycos.co.uk/spaceprojects/starbooster.html Starbooster Starcraft Boosters, Inc. has taken a novel approach to reducing the cost of space access. Starcraft Boosters is developing StarBooster, a reusable first stage hypersonic airplane designed to house an existing ELV first stage. By using existing stages, such as the Atlas III or Zenit first stage, Starcraft Boosters believes it can significantly reduce the cost of bringing to market a partially reusable launch vehicle. Once the StarBooster has been developed, it will be mated with existing stages or vehicles to create configurations which are optimized to serve a particular market segment. In its current configuration, the StarBooster will house the first stage of the new Atlas III launch vehicle, powered by the RD-180 rocket engine. The airplane is roughly the size of the Boeing 737 airliner and is expected to have a dry mass of 32 tons (70,000 lbs). The StarBooster is launched vertically and powered by the internally "carried" booster stage. The vehicle burns to depletion, delivering its payload, which is comprised of the expendable upper stages and payload, to near Mach 5 at an altitude of approximately 45 kilometers (150,000 feet). The StarBooster, still housing the expendable Atlas III stage, will then separate from its payload - the expendable upper stage - and decelerate as it re-enters through the Earth's atmosphere. Once the craft has slowed to subsonic speeds, the two air-breathing engines, housed on the back of the StarBooster, air-start and the vehicle cruises approximately 400 kilometers back to its launch site. Both the stage and the aircraft are refurbished to be re-flown, providing a large cost savings over expendable boosters. A number of upper stage combinations have been examined. The first two configurations, which incorporate one and two StarBoosters respectively, utilize Lockheed Martin's existing Athena II launch vehicle. For heavier geosynchronous payloads, the Athena core will be complimented with a cryogenic Centaur stage, resulting in the third StarBooster configuration - known as StarCore I. Further augmentation results in the fourth configuration, know as StarCore II, which utilizes a partially reusable SSME derived LOX / LH2 core to deliver Titan IV type payloads. snip ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== 1185 subscribers If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040419/afc28860/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Sat Apr 17 23:59:27 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Sat, 17 Apr 2004 22:59:27 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] X-15 - then - what next? Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07E2B0EF@exchange.prog.altair.com> The X-15 was mentioned and Doug Pratt reports there is a DVD out that is a fiction film that shows some of the testing for this experimental airplane. - LRK - -----Original Message----- From: Doug Pratt Sent: Saturday, April 17, 2004 1:39 PM To: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Subject: X-15 The fiction film about the testing of the X-15, which was called X-15, has just come out on DVD. The producers worked closely with the Air Force on it, and it has a lot of footage of the plane, while the story goes into at least a few of the problems they encountered during the testing. --------------------------- Not being able to resist asking GOOGLE about the X-15 and remembering some vivid images about rocket sleds and Edwards Air Force Base, did some searches. This kind of airplane was going to go high and fast and get there quickly. That meant the human was going to be subjected to extreme 'G' forces and the plane stressed as well. While attending an instructor school in the Navy I met a Naval photographer that said while testing some of these rocket sled runs there was a need for photographs of the runs. The only way to get them was to take a jet up, tool around until the run was ready, then dive and level off 50 feet above the desert and fly along side the sled as it rocketed down the railway. He said it was most uncomfortable being in a full pressure suit and being subjected to the pull out 'G' force while trying to hold a camera up and shoot high speed film out the cockpit. He did a number of these runs. Just one of the many support personnel you don't hear about. Then again, you may have heard about some, like Neil Armstrong. --------------------------- http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/armstrong.html Seven flights in the X-15 and in Gemini 8, the first docking in space by two vehicles. http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/gemini_docking .html http://www.geocities.com/armstrong_tribute/apollo/gemini.html Gemini VIII successfully docked with Gemini Agena target vehicle GATV-6 hours 34 min after liftoff. http://www.geocities.com/armstrong_tribute/ On July 16, 1969, Armstrong, along with Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., and Michael Collins, blasted off in the Apollo 11 vehicle toward the Moon. --------------------------- Take a look at some of the links below and just think about how many more links might be generated by going back to the Moon and on to Mars. (Some will say straight to Mars. :-) I will be happy to see some robotic missions to the Moon and a lot more to Mars too. We need to know what is there before sending humans and we need to know why we are going. Preserve humanity is one reason I can think of, you may have others. It is not going to be done by one person or one company, but will require many if not thousands. This is a big time adventure, should you chose to support it. (The adventure should be larger than politics too, but I suppose we will have to put up with some of that too.) Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= http://www.sierrafoot.org/x-15/x-15.html >From 1959 through 1968 a decade-long research program employed the North American Aviation X-15 to explore hypersonic flight and technologies needed for space flight. The X-15's pioneering flights set records that still have not been broken four decades later, including a top speed of Mach 6.7 (4,520 mph) and a peak altitude of 354,200 feet (67 miles). While doing this it gathered engineering and scientific data needed to develop new families of aircraft and spacecraft, including the Space Shuttle. Beyond the aircraft is the human story, the people who made this research program a remarkable success. Many of the X-15 test pilots achieved fame, but not without risk and adventure -- One pilot died, another was gravely injured. Beyond the test pilots were literally hundreds of others who each contributed special talents and skills that were essential to the program. This set of web pages seeks to document the history and tell the stories of the X-15 program in ways not entirely possible in printed media and to provide content not yet available in other web resources. Site content will continue to grow in the coming years. snip ============================================================= http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/x15/cover.html X - 15 Hypersonic Research at the Edge of Space This joint program by NASA, the Air Force, the Navy, and North American operated the most remarkable of all the rocket research aircraft. Composed of an internal structure of titanium and a skin surface of a chrome-nickel alloy known as Inconel X, the X-15 had its first, unpowered glide flight on June 8, 1959, while the first powered flight took place on September 17, 1959. Because of the large fuel consumption of its rocket engine, the X-15 was air launched from a B-52 aircraft at about 45,000 ft and speeds upward of 500 mph. The airplane first set speed records in the Mach 4-6 range with Mach 4.43 on March 7, 1961; Mach 5.27 on June 23, 1961; Mach 6.04 on November 9, 1961; and Mach 6.7 on October 3, 1967. It also set an altitude record of 354,200 feet (67 miles) on August 22, 1963, and provided an enormous wealth of data on hypersonic air flow, aerodynamic heating, control and stability at hypersonic speeds, reaction controls for flight above the atmosphere, piloting techniques for reentry, human factors, and flight instrumentation. The highly successful program contributed to the development of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo piloted spaceflight programs as well as the Space Shuttle program. The program's final flight was performed on October 24, 1968. snip AND THEN THERE WERE THE ROCKET SLEDS - LRK - ============================================================= http://www.edwards.af.mil/moments/docs_html/59-05-13.html To commemorate the Air Force Flight Test Center, which was established June 25, 1951, the AFFTC History Office recalled some of the milestones in flight that took place here during the last half century. By Dr. Raymond L. Puffer Air Force Flight Center historian ============================================================= http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-60/ch-3.html snip There were many other new and peculiar conditions for the pilots to face. Altogether, they would be tackling the most demanding task ever encountered in piloted aircraft. Some of the control-system and physical characteristics were tailored to their capabilities to attain the desired airplane-pilot combination. While the pilot is an integral part of the concept, with maximum provision made for his safety, he needs to be able to escape from unforeseen hazardous conditions. The difficulty, in the case of the X-15, was that to create a system that would protect the pilot during escape anywhere within the flight corridor or above it would require a development program nearly as large as that of the airplane. It would also require a prohibitive increase in airplane weight. The result was that an over-all escape capability was not provided. The airplane itself was regarded as the best protective device for the pilot at high speeds. At low speeds, he could use an ejection seat similar to that used in most military aircraft. But "low speed" for the X-15 is 2000 mph, and to provide for escape over this much of the corridor required a state-of-the-art advance in escape systems. Extensive wind-tunnel and rocket-sled testing was necessary to achieve an aerodynamically stable ejection seat. Another major effort was required to provide protection for the pilot against windblast during ejection. Finally, the desired escape capability was provided by a combination of pressure suit and ejection seat. snip The prime objective of the X-15 program has remained flight research, however. By the time of the first flight, much had already been learned about hypersonic flow by focusing the talents of many men on X-15 problems. Many of the worries over flight above the atmosphere had been dispelled. Yet hypersonic, exo-atmospheric, and reentry-flight research was still a vague and obscure world. Were the problems imagined or real? And what of those problems that man cannot foresee? The X-15 team was shure of only one thing. The problems would come to light through probing the flight corridor, until all the interactions among aerodynamics, structure, stability, systems, and pilot control had been forced into view, and the adequacy or inadequacy of man's knowledge and capability revealed. http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-60/toc.html ============================================================= http://www.arnold.af.mil/aedc/factsheets/vkf/vkf.htm The von Karman Gas Dynamics Facility Wind Tunnels Arnold Engineering Development Center, (AEDC) located in southern Middle Tennessee, is the nation's largest aerospace ground test facility complex. The complex includes 58 aerodynamic and propulsion wind tunnels, rocket and turbine engine test cells, space environmental chambers, arc heaters, ballistic ranges, and other specialized test units. Twenty-seven of the test units have capabilities unmatched in the United States and 14 have capabilities unmatched in the world. Using its ground test facilities, AEDC supports propulsion, aerodynamic, reentry, trans-atmospheric and space-flight systems testing. snip A model of the X-15 rocket shown in AEDC's von Karman Gas Dynamics Facility wind tunnel A. The X-15 underwent air worthyness and stability testing in the late 1950s. AEDC played a major role in the development of the X-15 and continues to provide instrumental aeronautical tests for U.S. military, NASA, and commercial air and space craft. snip ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040417/90025464/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Fri Apr 16 20:28:34 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Fri, 16 Apr 2004 19:28:34 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Looking Back-Who Remembers the Navaho? Message-ID: We sometimes complain that we haven't gone back to the Moon and that nothing is being done to get us there. When you look at the history of some of the research that went into rocket programs that were canceled, you see that not all was lost, but that many parts were used in later programs. Another item is that companies can go and their legacy lives on in other companies too. Take a look at what Vic Johnson found in some of his old magazines and a few more bits that GOOGLE helped me with. - LRK - History is with us and helps us along the way to the future. At least one hopes so. Next week will help judge a Space Settlement Design Contest at Ames and the kids have access to some of those old books written when we thought we might go to space. http://lifesci3.arc.nasa.gov/SpaceSettlement/Contest/ http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/colonies.html http://lifesci3.arc.nasa.gov/SpaceSettlement/ To get to space means you have to get up, up, and away from Earth. Rockets come to mind to help with that and there have been many ideas of just how to do that. Hope folks are looking at what has been tried before and know how to build on that. - LRK - Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= Larry This is a bit long but interesting history. Vic ------------------------------------------------------------- Looking Back-Who Remembers the Navaho? In the fall of 1958, Martin Caiden and James L. Quinn launched a new magazine called SPACE AGE. It wasn't the first magazine of this genre, but it promised to be the best, the most compelling: "SPACE AGE is the definitive voice of our new world," said the magazine's mission statement (Vol. 1, No. 1, November 1958). "It is your doorway to the giant testing areas, to the excitement of the launching pad, the grim reality of weapons development, the exultation of deeds accomplished. As its name implies, SPACE AGE is the whole story, the true story, the fascinating story of Tomorrow." Caiden, already a recognized authority on aircraft and the burgeoning aerospace technology was part of Wernher Von Braun's team in 1955 at Cape Canaveral. Known as much for his visionary science fiction works (The Long Night, Cyborg, two Indiana Jones novels, etc.) as well as nonfiction (Air Force, Golden Wings, Kill Devil Hill: Discovering the Secrets of the Wright Brothers, etc.), Caiden became one of the earliest and most enthusiastic pitchman for the space program. "The First Man into Space!" appeared in the initial issue of SPACE AGE. Although the article is not attributed to any one author it was undoubtedly written by Caiden. It begins with a retrospect on the Navaho program and later segues into a long description of the X-15 project. ". . . We had seen the rest of the Cape, and then moved into the Navaho launch area," said Caiden. "We knew the bird was a sleek giant in her own right, a canard design with a butterfly-vee tail, two massive ramjets to carry the missile several times the speed of sound, soaring to 90,000 feet, over a range of 5,000 miles. To reach the altitude and speed where her ramjets could fire, Navaho was shackled to a massive booster, a rocket needle with three giant motors, delivering a total of 405,000 pounds thrust. The booster lifted her from the launching cradle, rose ponderously, majestically, carrying the enormous load into thin, cold air. In the first tests the Air Force fired a smaller version of its intercontinental-reaching beast. On these flights an intermediate booster with two motors delivering 270,000 pounds thrust, carried the giant aloft. . . ." But the first flight tests were not completely successful. "The booster was balky. The new and untried electronic circuits didn't always act as they were suppose to, And then when the booster did function properly, hurling the sleek Navaho high above the earth, the giant ramjets spun helplessly without ignition. The booster separated on schedule, tumbled slowly, and fell away, flame pouring from tanks ruptured by the stress of tumbling flight. For brief moments the Navaho rushed ahead, spurred on by sheer momentum. Then, powerless, she began to fall, her great engines silent. Out of sight of the mainland, seen only through a tracking camera, she splashed into the Atlantic, and sank forever. "Then North American Aviation, which had labored on the Navaho program since early 1946, was struck with the devastating news that the entire Navaho project had been canceled. . ." The Navaho project was over, but North American was permitted to launch "those beasts on hand." "It was a frustrating permission," Caiden said, "until this moment, not a single Navaho had been fired successfully. and when canceled the giant ramjet missiles screeched into the sky, ignited successfully, cast free from their boosters, and howled through the stratosphere on high supersonic flights. "Then it was over. Seven Navahos were left, and these were ordered into mothballs. Six hundred and ninety million dollars spent-and everything was closed out." Caiden then predicts that once the initial flight tests of the North American Aviation X-15 have been completed and the dispute between North American and the United States Air Force is settled as to whether test pilot Scott Crossfield or USAF Captain Ivan C. Kinchloe would have the honors of jockeying the X-15 through its first extreme altitude hypersonic flight the X-15 will be "mated with the Navaho booster system [SM-64]," and achieve earth orbital altitude and velocity. That orbital flight is described in detail. "How long the pilot will remain in orbit during this first satellite ascent has not yet been revealed by the Air Force," said Caiden. Even as the premier issue of SPACE AGE was being planned changes were taking place that would make Caiden's boldly imagined scenario of the first manned space flight just so much speculative fiction. On October 1, 1958, the the National Aeronautics and Space Agency superseded the long-established National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. One week later NASA Administrator T. Keith Glennan gave the go-ahead to Project Mercury, America's first manned space flight program. Twenty years later the Space Shuttle vertical booster configuration hauntingly resembled the early Navaho design, and Caiden's vision of the X-15 "mated with the three-barreled Navaho booster." -Vic Johnson ============================================================= Navaho http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/navhox15.htm ---------------------------------------------- Winged orbital launch vehicle. Year: 1959. Family: Navaho. Country: USA. Manufacturer: North American. North American proposed several methods of taking the X-15 spaceplane to higher velocities and altitudes. One of these involved the use of one to three Navaho booster rockets, which could even place the X-15 into orbit. This incremental approach to manned spaceflight was not pursued - the Mercury and X-20 Dynasoar programs were favored instead. ============================================================= http://www.aerospaceguide.net/x-15.html X-15 Experimental Spaceplane The X-15 was air launched from a B-52. The X-15 had its first unpowered glide flight on June 8, 1959 and final flight was performed on October 24, 1968. X-15 had 199 missions. There were plans to use the X-15 as a spaceplane to be launched at the top of a rocket. SEE X-15 LINKS - LRK - ============================================================= Space Launch Report http://www76.pair.com/tjohnson/navaho1.html NAVAHO SUPERSONIC "PILOTLESS BOMBER": U.S. SPACE TECHNOLOGY INCUBATOR The Navaho project, an effort to develop a supersonic, intercontinental-range, ramjet powered "pilotless bomber", was a failure in the sense that more than $300 million (1950s dollars) was spent and no missiles were deployed. The project did, however, foster the development of North American Aviation's Rocketdyne Division. Rocketdyne developed a series of advanced liquid rocket engines for Navaho's boosters. When ballistic missile funding became a priority, Rocketdyne's already-in-production engines were used. An early Navaho rocket engine found its way into the Redstone missile. Modified versions of the more powerful Navaho G-38 rocket engine powered Atlas, Jupiter, and Thor. Navaho's booster engine, heavily modified over the years, had, by 1998, boosted more than half of all U.S. space missions. The Navaho project, conceived during the late 1940s, went through several metamorphoses. An early Navaho concept, a canard-configured, delta-winged, dual ramjet powered intermediate range cruise missile boosted by a new, tail-mounted liquid rocket engine, entered the hardware phase and was nearing test flight when the effort was shelved in early 1950s. The missile rocket engine, based on captured V-2 engines given to NAA, survived to power the U.S. Army Redstone ballistic missile. In the early 1950s, the Navaho project coalesced into a new three-phase effort. Phase 1 involved the design, construction, and test flight of several X-10 turbojet powered, remotely controlled vehicles. X-10 tested Navaho's radical canard-configured-delta-wing-with-canted-twin-tail aerodynamics at supersonic speeds; first at Edwards AFB, California, and then at Cape Canaveral. X-10 also tested Navaho's gyroscopic all-inertial autonavigator/autopilot by flying under its own control on a prescribed course for extended periods. X-10 "pilots" would control the vehicles during take off and landing from a ground station and from a chase plane. Aerodynamically slick, and powered by two jet engines, X-10 at one point set a speed record for turbojet powered aircraft. Landing and radio control failures destroyed several X-10s, however. Phase 2 included the design, development, and test of the 2,500 mile range Mach 2.75 XSM-64 (G-26) "pilotless bomber". A powerful twin-thrust-chamber liquid rocket booster propelled the supersonic missile to ramjet startup speed about one minute after a vertical launch. Four thrust vector control vanes extending into the G-26 booster exhaust provided pitch/yaw/roll control during the boost phase. The booster drag-separated upon burnout. Navaho G-26 launches began on 6 November 1956, months before most of the ballistic missile pads at the Cape were in operation. Ballistic missilery soon caught up with and passed Navaho, however. The first two G-26 flights failed and the third ended abruptly with a massive on-pad explosion. By the time the fourth XSM-64 (G-26) test launch (shown above) commenced from Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 9 on 26 June 1957, the project was nearing cancellation. This flight, involving Booster No. 8 and Missile No. 3 (AF53-8270), failed when the missile ramjets did not ignite after the boost phase. Some sources blame the failure on a booster malfunction. Other sources blame it on the ramjets. Phase 3 of the Navaho project involved the development of the 5,000 mile range Mach 3.25 XSM-64A (G-38) intercontinental range missile. A much more powerful three-chamber liquid rocket booster would have boosted the bigger G-38 missile to ramjet startup speed. The booster engines would have gimbaled to provide pitch, yaw, and roll control during the boost phase. G-38 never flew, but NAA built some booster and missile hardware and extensively tested the rocket engines. snip Space Launch Report MUCH MORE AND VERY INTERESTING WHAT DEVELOPED FROM VARIOUS PARTS OF THIS PROGRAM. CHECK OUT THE REST OF THIS REPORT. - LRK - ============================================================= http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/NorthAmerican/Aero37.htm snip North American in the late 1950s experienced several setbacks, partly because of its dependence on government business. The F-107 and the F-108 Rapier interceptor programs were both cancelled, as was the Navajo intercontinental ballistic missile program. Efforts to diversify resulted in shrinking aircraft production until, with the delivery of the last F-100 in 1959, the manufacture of major combat airplanes stopped. At the end of the 1950s, the remaining production programs at Columbus were the T-2 Buckeye jet trainer, which enjoyed a long production life, and the supersonic A-5 Vigilante. The company also produced the OV-10 Bronco attack plane for the military and for export, and the T-39 Air Force utility aircraft and crew trainer, which led to a business jet version. Although successful, they were insufficient to offset what the company had lost in larger programs. A high point was the X-15. North American received the contract in 1955 to build this research airplane. Its first flight took place in 1959. Designed to conduct research beyond the Earth's atmosphere, it achieved higher speeds and faced greater heat levels than ever before encountered. Lee Atwood, installed as chief executive in 1960, decided to focus on the space program. The decision paid off, at least for the duration of the Apollo program. In 1961, the company beat Martin Marietta for the Apollo Moon-landing vehicle contract. North American also developed much of the Saturn V launch vehicle. In January 1967 a launch pad fire killed three Apollo astronauts. The subsequent investigations subjected the company to severe criticism of its technical and managerial competence and motivated it to proceed with a merger that had been discussed some years earlier. In March 1967, North American merged with Rockwell Standard Corporation, becoming North American Rockwell (NAR). With the merger, the company could take advantage of Rockwell's other areas of business and expertise. snip ============================================================= http://www.boeing.com/history/bna/chron.html North American Chronology http://www.boeing.com/history/bna/index.html North American History http://www.boeing.com/history/bna/navaho.htm NAVAHO MISSILE First flight: Nov. 6, 1956 In October 1945, the Army Technical Services Command asked aeronautical corporations in the United States to design a guided missile. Consolidated Vultee proposed the MX-774, which would become the Atlas Intercontinental Ballistic Missile. North American Aviation proposed the MX-770, the Navaho - a 500-mile-range missile with greater accuracy than the German-built V-2. Although the Air Force canceled the Navaho program in 1957, in its 10 years of existence, the Navaho made many key technological breakthroughs. The X-10 Navaho test drone was the first turbojet-powered vehicle to reach Mach 2 and the first aircraft to fly a complete mission under inertial (computerized) guidance. Its booster engine set a record by producing 405,000 pounds of thrust. The X-10 was the only missile to be classified as an "X" plane and completed more than 20 flights. Phase two of the nuclear Navaho development program was the G-26 drone missile, which would prove the vertical launch system. The G-26 required the development of the largest ramjet engines built, an auxiliary power unit to power the missile's electronics and hydraulics, and a more effective autonavigator unit, the N-6 or NAVAN (North American Vehicle Auto Navigation). The Navaho program was canceled in July 1957 when, after extensive testing at Cape Canaveral, Fla., the Atlas ICBM was chosen over winged missile designs. On July 13, 1998, exactly 41 years from the day when the Navaho was canceled, and after two years restoring the X-10, the Air Force Space and Missile Museum rolled out the only Navaho missile in existence and placed it on display. Navaho Data http://www.boeing.com/history/bna/navahodata.htm | Back to Post-War Developments http://www.boeing.com/history/bna/postwar.html snip In 1955, the Navaho program ended, but experience gained during that project engendered several new divisions at North American: Autonetics, Rocketdyne, Atomics International, and Missile Development. Missile Development would, in December 1960, become the Space Information Systems Division. Autonetics began in 1957 when a Missiles Project Group in engineering at NAA 's Columbus, Ohio, division worked on adapting the Navaho's navigation unit for use on the Nautilus submarine; it helped the vessel make the first under-ice passage of the North Pole in 1958. In 1960, the Missile Project Group was awarded its first major contract -- a $4 million program to develop, fabricate and flight test the Redhead/Roadrunner, a Mach 2 high- and low-level target missile. snip ============================================================= http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Aviation North American Aviation >From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040416/2c3fda13/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Wed Apr 14 01:48:33 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Wed, 14 Apr 2004 00:48:33 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Resilient Rocks - NASA Science News for April 13, 2004 Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07D6F2AC@exchange.prog.altair.com> Resilient Rockets http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2004/13apr_gradient.htm?list1092213 [If this wraps poorly you can just go to Science @ NASA Home page: http://science.nasa.gov and click on the Space Ferry picture. - LRK - ] If you aren't getting the notices of new information at Science at NASA you are really missing out on interesting science. The thought of going to space can inspire our up and coming student scientists. Read the article and don't forget to check the "Editors Note" at the bottom of the article. Ever leave a pan on the stove and have it melt through? What do you do when you find your pots being eaten up when placed in a vacuum furnace? What new products come from the solution? The last sentence in the Editor's note says it all, "You never know where basic research will lead!" :-) - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- http://science.nasa.gov/OurSites.htm Science @ NASA's motto is to Inform, Inspire, and Involve. To achieve our goal, we produce materials at multiple reading levels, languages and for multiple purposes. We hope that once informed, you will be inspired to get involved! Want to meet the team? http://science.nasa.gov/Sci-team/team.html Ron Koczor ------------------------------------------------------------- WHAT NEW PRODUCTS WILL COME FROM SINTERED REGOLITH ON THE MOON? - LRK - http://www.permanent.com/i-sinter.htm ? 4.3.2 Sintering of Lunar and Asteroidal Minerals http://www.asi.org/adb/06/09/03/02/089/shelter-on-the-moon.html Shelter on the Moon http://fti.neep.wisc.edu/neep602/lecture12.html Title: Resources of the Moon: Indigenous http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar_return/LTaylor.pdf (37 page, 3.9 MB must see ) ISRU on the Moon by Larry by Larry Taylor http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/DOCS/EIC049.HTML SINTERING BRICKS ON THE MOON http://leme.anu.edu.au/Pubs/Advancesinregolith/Turner_et_al.pdf (5 page, 575 KB) TOWARDS MODELLING REGOLITH PERMEABILITY WITH HIGH RESOLUTION X-RAY ... A LOT OF VACUUM ON THE MOON - HOW TO USE IT - REFURBISH YOUR ROCKET ENGINES HERE - LRK- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= NASA Science News for April 13, 2004 Spacecraft and automobiles could benefit from a new NASA technology that protects the insides of scorching-hot engines. FULL STORY at http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2004/13apr_gradient.htm?list1092213 Through volunteer translation, at least some Science at NASA stories are translated into 9 languages. Learn more at http://science.nasa.gov/OtherLanguages.htm Check out our RSS feed at http://science.nasa.gov/rss.xml! [ This is an RSS file. You'll need an RSS reader, like the ones at http://blogspace.com/rss/readers to make use of the information. ] - LRK - - snip - Home page: http://science.nasa.gov ============================================================ WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040414/8bc46da7/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Tue Apr 13 01:46:41 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (Larry Kellogg) Date: Tue, 13 Apr 2004 00:46:41 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] WebQuest - If you were a teacher and had access to the Internet - could you - Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07D6EE72@exchange.prog.altair.com> Get kids interested in space by doing web searches? The eyes are getting blurry. Too much looking at a screen doing web searches. :-) Been thinking about Hans Kalff's suggestions for using the web to answer questions and playing with the science search engine at Scirus - http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/ There I happened upon research being done to improve the use of computers to help design a Lunar Habitat. This is Gerry Stahl's work on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.cis.drexel.edu/faculty/gerry/index.html Home Page http://www.cis.drexel.edu/faculty/gerry/publications/proposals/index.html Proposals http://www.cis.drexel.edu/faculty/gerry/publications/dissertations/index.htm l Dissertations http://www.cis.drexel.edu/faculty/gerry/publications/dissertations/computer/ index.html INTERPRETATION IN DESIGN: THE PROBLEM OF TACIT AND EXPLICIT UNDERSTANDING IN COMPUTER SUPPORT OF COOPERATIVE DESIGN ------------------------------------------------------------- All very deep and in pdf format a 477 document. - LRK - --------------------------------------------- A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Computer Science 1993 --------------------------------------------- In reading that and doing some other searches, hit upon the topic of WebQuest, a format for using the web as a tool to interest students and help them learn how to do research on the Web. That topic on Scirus found 52,527 references. If you add WebQuest Lunar as search criteria, you got 191 matches, and if you added Habitat, - WebQuest Lunar Habitat - there were 23 matches. With GOOGLE - WebQuest Lunar Habitat - there were 74. By this time I had started looking at some of the links and the afternoon has turned into evening. I am going to help judge a Space Settlement Design contest again this year on April 20th and one of the WebQuest presentations has designing a Space Settlement as the topic. Small world (or space if you care to go there) http://www.nas.nasa.gov/Services/Education/SpaceSettlement/ Let me put a few links below and let you think about what you might accomplish in a school nearby for teaching kids how to think about space, going to the Moon, Mars, and the Stars, and just how you need to organize your thoughts to solve problems. Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= http://webquest.org/ Friday, March 26, 2004 Tech-Savvy Schools Struggle to Keep Their Edge Here's a just-unearthed story from the NovemberCalifornia Educator: "While some argue that technology has replaced critical thinking, students in Connie Martin's eighth-grade English class combine both of them with aplomb. Divided into groups for a 'Webquest,' students use laptop computers to research the ethics of animal research in preparation for assuming the roles of research scientist, animal rights activist and medical doctor. Along with a written report, they will deliver oral reports in front of the class, which will be recorded by fellow students. ------------------------------------------------------------- http://webquest.sdsu.edu/ The WebQuest Page http://webquest.sdsu.edu/overview.htm This site is designed to serve as a resource to those who are using the WebQuest model to teach with the web. By pointing to excellent examples and collecting materials developed to communicate the idea, all of us experimenting with WebQuests will be able to learn from each other. A WebQuest is an inquiry-oriented activity in which most or all of the information used by learners is drawn from the Web. WebQuests are designed to use learners' time well, to focus on using information rather than looking for it, and to support learners' thinking at the levels of analysis, synthesis and evaluation. The model was developed in early 1995 at San Diego State University by Bernie Dodge with Tom March, and was outlined then in Some Thoughts About WebQuests. Since then, scores of workshops have been offered to teachers on the format, by instructors who made use of the resources on this site. If WebQuests are new to you, we hope you'll find these pages helpful. Clearly, the word is getting out. The WebQuest Page is now getting over 1700 hits/day! ------------------------------------------------------------- http://webquest.sdsu.edu/materials.htm Reading and Training Materials ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.macomb.k12.mi.us/wq/webqindx.htm WebQuest These lessons are based on a concept developed by Bernie Dodge of San Diego State University. Some of these Index of Lessons ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.plainfield.k12.in.us/hschool/webq/webq65/ SWEET HOME, OUTER SPACE a WebQuest on Space Settlements By Rhue Anne Cosgrove & Lisa Lintner-Sizemore ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.lakelandschools.org/EDTECH/leslie/space.htm Space Survival Challenge Introduction You are a member of a spaceship crew scheduled to meet with a mother ship on the lighted surface of the moon. Because of an energy failure, you and your 2 crewmates had to crash land about 300 kilometers from the mother ship. During reentry and landing much of the equipment aboard was damaged. Only eight items of equipment were left undamaged. Since survival depends upon reaching the mother ship as soon as possible, the most critical items must be chosen to help you get back to the mother ship. ------------------------------------------------------------- http://library.trinity.wa.edu.au/subjects/science/astronomy/moon.htm The Moon ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.ozline.com/webquests/intro.html Why WebQuests?, an introduction Tom March Intro ? Why WebQuests? ? Process & Access ? Choosing a WebQuest Introduction to the Web The impact of the Internet and the World Wide Web on popular culture is not hard to measure. Tally the jargon that's made it into our everyday language: 'Net-surfing, info superhighway, Web site, chat room, cyber, browser, online, homepage, HTML and @. If the Web has reached such broad public awareness, how do you think it's touched the lives of our trend-tracking students? In fact, people have begun referring to today's students as Generation Dot Com. So even if the Web bore no educational value, we as teachers would need to come to terms with it to understand our students' world and frame of reference. The good news is that the Web is not just helpful to education, but, used effectively, it can revolutionize student learning. Back in the early days of the Web (was it really only 1995?), Professor Bernie Dodge began developing the WebQuest strategy at San Diego State University to help teachers integrate the power of the Web with student learning. I was fortunate to count Bernie as a mentor and colleague, so we began creating sample WebQuests and putting them online for teachers and students around the world to use. Three years of working in offices across the hall from each other, occasionally teaching together and frequently ruminating over drafts of chapters and online WebQuests, Bernie created The WebQuest Page and I contributed a handful of WebQuests to Pacific Bell's Knowledge Network Explorer. What follows is an introduction to some key ideas behind WebQuests. But before jumping into the whys and hows of WebQuests, it's important to make sure you have a good conceptual understanding of the World Wide Web and its aspects that support student learning. ------------------------------------------------------------- http://school.discovery.com/schrockguide/webquest/webquest.html A WebQuest is defined, by Bernie Dodge at San Diego State University, as "an inquiry-oriented activity in which some or all of the information that learners interact with comes from resources on the Internet." I find it the perfect model for teachers searching for ways to incorporate the Internet into the classroom on both a short-term and long-term basis. Following is a 16-slide Powerpoint presentation based on the information found at Mr. Dodge's site. (Also available as a PDF file.) For clarification and further explanation, samples of short-term WebQuests, and a template for teachers to use, go visit "The Web Quest Page". ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.ouc.bc.ca/tltc/tr/webquest/elemscience.htm Science WebQuests ------------------------------------------------------------- ANYONE USING THE WebQuest - inquiry-oriented activity in your schools? ANYONE HAVE A WebQuest to design a Lunar Habitat and the base of the Mountain of Eternal Light? ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040413/43dd10fd/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Mon Apr 12 20:24:30 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (Larry Kellogg) Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 19:24:30 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Buzz Aldrin in New Zealand Message-ID: Geoff Heaps sent me two articles from New Zealand Thanks Geoff, thoroughly enjoyed them. Hope the rest of you will too. Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= Hello Larry Thought these articles from our local press may be of interest to you. I enjoy your lunar updates. Kind regards Geoff Heaps ------------------------------------------------------------- Second man on Moon enthusiastic advocate of space tourism 12 April 2004 By ANNA CLARIDGE in WANAKA Three things strike you when legendary astronaut Buzz Aldrin walks into the room. First, he does not walk, he swaggers. His Apollo 11 jacket is polished and preened, and he swings into the room like a movie star - sporting perfectly ironed tan corduroys and matching moccasins. Second, his skin is perfect to the point of transparent. No blemishes, no craters, and no sign of the 74 years chalked up by the second man to walk on the moon. Finally, he is all-American. From the drawl "well, good morning, I'm very excited to be here in the South Island of New Zeeeland" - right down to his all-American blonde-haired, blue-eyed wife Lois, and the grandson following in Grandpa's footsteps at the Alabama (drawl) space camp. Aldrin was the star attraction at Easter weekend's Warbirds over Wanaka. When The Press finally gained access to him, he was a glowing advocate for space exploration and a dutifully gushing tourist to our shores. "I'm thrilled to be here. I visited New Zealand for the first time 20 years ago. My younger son and I were on a world trip. We visited a small town in the northern island. "That's where I first learned you don't raise sheep on a ranch, you raise them on a farm. The other two things that struck me about New Zealand on that trip were that the bath tubs are tremendous that you build here - so long - and that the flies are enormous." It seems odd to describe the second man to walk on the moon as down to earth but few phrases would sum up his approach better. He jokes, he reminisces, and when questioned on the biological impact on the human body of living on Mars, he spews forth enough of his own scientific research to impress even the most astute Nasa scientist. In short, he is a Nasa public relations dream. Aldrin began his career flying Sabre jets in the Korean conflict, shooting down two Mig 15s. He went on to earn a doctorate in astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in manned space rendezvous. In 1963, he joined Nasa and just six years later set foot on the Moon. His achievements are well-documented and his eyes still twinkle even when asked the perennial question: how did it feel up there? "I can remember looking at the Moon as a stranger. Now it's a bit more of a friend. There is no way to simulate seeing rocks, crystal clear, a velvet black sky, sun so brilliant you can't see the stars. The Earth looks a long way away. That's home, a little blue, brown thing in the distance. And you think, `apart from the three of us up here, everyone else is back there'." There has been endless speculation over apparent friction between Aldrin and the first man to walk on the moon, Neil Armstrong, but Aldrin, the bridesmaid, is philosophical. "The memory of the first steps on the moon were reserved by seniority so it was not up to me coming down 20 minutes later to be clever and inventive and historical about utterances. The thoughts I had were what do we do and how can we not do something wrong that will be regretful." There is a hint of disdain in the otherwise perfectly spoken American's voice. He quickly moves the conversation along. "The moments I want to remember are the few seconds after we saw the contact (with the lunar surface) button light up and we looked at each other and it was a moment of relief, pride, and satisfaction." Aldrin will go down in history for his part in the Moon landing, and he is keen to push space exploration on future generations. He is an advocate of space tourism, and speaks fondly about his good friend Dennis Tito - the first space tourist thanks to a hefty cheque to the Russian space programme. "What came from Dennis's trip was the word Space Tourism. It is a word that is easy to ridicule and it was called the giggle factor but I really believe we can open up space to more than just test pilots or engineers." He speaks quite seriously about encouraging the US government into investing in a nationwide lottery to find the next space tourist. He goes as far to suggest a television game show could lift the profile of space exploration. "I was surprised by the popularity of Who Wants to be a Millionaire and I thought, `why don't we have a game show Who Wants to be an Astronaut?'" Recently interviewed for a tribute documentary to New Zealand's most famous connection to the space programme, Sir William Pickering, Aldrin says kids should set up space societies and reach for the stars. New Zealand children should honour the heritage that is here of New Zealand's participation in exciting aeronautical experiences. "When I was on the moon, two words came into my head, magnificent desolation. It was a magnificent time but I don't think it's a place where people will enjoy the scenery as much as here in the South Island of New Zealand." And there he leaves it. Off to join the throngs of fans gazing skyward as Warbirds display their talents high in the sky above Wanaka. Though I suspect the morning sun causing a squint in spectators' eyes and the lingering moon from a chilly night in the alpine climate feel a little more familiar to Aldrin than they do to the 100,000 people gathered in the airfield grounds. Ordinary people should share space-travel Buzz 11 April 2004 By SARAH-KATE LYNCH IN WANAKA Flying to the moon could one day be as easy as A, B, C or D, according to retired astronaut Buzz Aldrin, the man who followed directly in the famous footsteps of Neil Armstrong during man's first moon landing in 1969. In New Zealand for the Warbirds Over Wanaka Airshow, Aldrin said space travel had to be opened up to ordinary people and not restricted to the hugely wealthy. One option to help raise funds for such an expensive project, he suggested at an airshow press conference yesterday, would be a lottery selection or, better still, a television game show with space travel as the prize. "You may have been as surprised as I was with the popularity of the TV show Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?," he said, "but as soon as I heard about that show I thought, 'Aaaah. Who Wants To Be An Astronaut?"' Aldrin has long been a proponent of space tourism. Once ridiculed as impractical, the idea was now getting legitimate recognition, he said. "And it will come about one of these days when we can bring the cost down and the reliability up." Aldrin may not have come up with the ultimate soundbite ("One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind") but, without his copiloting skills in the world's first successful lunar landing module, Neil Armstrong might never have said anything other than "Oops!". Of his lunar-landing memories, he highlighted a few precious moments, seconds after seeing the contact light come on - "which meant we had touched the surface". Said Aldrin: "Then we stopped the engine and settled down and then we both looked at each other and that's the moment I want to remember because that was a moment of great relief and pride and satisfaction that we had done what no people had ever done before." Aldrin gives the impression, however, that it's not all beer and skittles among the retired astronaut fraternity. Being at the Warbirds airshow reminded him of his flying experience before he was selected by Nasa for the space programme. His old flying buddies - Aldrin flew 66 combat missions in Korea and piloted supersonic F100s in Germany in the late '50s - are a heck of a lot more reliable on the reunion front than his former astronaut colleagues, apparently. "Especially that group that I like to identify with, the human beings who left the earth and reached the moon. There are 24 fortunate human beings that belong to that group, 18 of us that are still alive but there's still a competitive spirit that somehow leads people in different directions and they're not all motivated to get together." This year, however, he's hoping that July 20 will see a get-together of the surviving astronauts plus representatives of past ones to mark the 35th anniversary of the Apollo XI landing on the moon. "There's just not quite the same spirit of reunions and I wish there was because I think we could have a few words to say about the future that would be very motivating to the rest of the people." The people of Wanaka seemed motivated just by the presence of a moonwalker, following his movements around the airshow, clamouring for hand-shakes and autographs and watching with delight as the face of 74-year-old Buzz Aldrin appeared on top of a cut-out version of his 1969 body. Links to above articles: http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/thepress/0,2106,2871961a6527,00.html http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/sundaystartimes/0,2106,2871732a6442,00.html ============================================================= ------------------------------------------------------------ Further reading at: http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/apollo.htm Apollo: 1963-1972 - You may want to book mark this. - LRK - http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/ Apollo Lunar Surface Journal http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a11/a11.html http://www.buzzaldrin.com/ Buzz Aldrin http://www.starbooster.com/sb_team.htm Starcraft Boosters, Inc. http://www.starbooster.com/ ------------------------------------------------------------ ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040412/c451c82a/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Mon Apr 12 15:09:01 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 14:09:01 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] SCIRUS for scientific information only - web specialty search engine Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07D6EC77@exchange.prog.altair.com> We talked about questions and answers before. For your questions I have used GOOGLE as a search engine and have been most pleased with how much information is being put on the Internet. Having signed up for a number of News Feeds, ran across the comment that GOOGLE might not be the best for finding scientific data if that was all you were looking for. One of the WIRED.com links, http://www.wired.com/news_drop/netcenter/netcenter.rdf had this. --- Turning Search Into a Science If you're looking for scientific information on the Web, Google might not be the best choice. Many researchers instead turn to Scirus. By Kristen Philipkoski. 02:00 AM Apr. 08, 2004 PT When genetic researchers do a Web search for Dolly, the subject of their query probably doesn't have the last name Parton, nor is it likely a magazine for the fun-loving Australian girl who wants to know the latest on everything from fashion and beauty to entertainment news. But a Google search will turn up these results and lots of other noise, unless the researcher specifies that results should not include Parton or fashion but must include cloning. Instead, a scientist could use a search engine like Scirus, which specifically taps science resources and publications. snip --- SO I WENT TO SCIRUS AND WAS MOST PLEASED. NOW TO LEARN HOW TO USE THE ADVANCED FEATURES. - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/ search words - lunar habitat - -------------- Searched for:: All of the words:lunar habitat Found:: :5,296 total | 393 journal results | 4,903 Web results Sort by:: :relevance | date -------------- 1. Alternative Habitat Concepts for the First Lunar Outpost May 2003 Civil Engineering Database Alternative Habitat Concepts for the First Lunar Outpost by Kriss Kennedy and Michael Roberts pp. 1020-1035 Document type: Conference Proceeding Part of: Engineering, Construction... more hits from [http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?9440486] similar results 2. 8.3. Lunar Habitat Design Environments Home Page, Apr 2003 8.3. Lunar Habitat Design Environments This section will...screen view is taken from a prototype Lunar Habitat Design Environment ( Lhde ) built on...critics analyzing the construction of a lunar habitat. The critics were evaluated as defined... more hits from [http://www.cis.drexel.edu/faculty/gerry/publications/d...] similar results 3. AeroVironment designs for NASA's Lunar Habitat Jul 2001 ...extension 574 2-22-1999 AeroVironment designs for NASA's Lunar Habitat Some news media have described our Centurion aircraft...power electronics and thermal control system for NASA's Lunar Habitat. This will be the next step after the International... [http://www.aerovironment.com/news/news-archive/lunar1....] similar results 4. A Lunar Outpost Nov 1999 ...built before a permanent lunar habitat. Crews on early scientific...option for a permanent lunar habitat is an inflatable structure...Above is a sketch of the lunar outpost. The following...outpost. 1. The inflatable habitat 2. The construction equipment... more hits from [http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/gotomoon.html] similar results 5. Far Side Lunar Observatory - Abstract Aug 2003 ...be placed on the lunar surface as well as in the type of habitat module that will...of the far side lunar observatory involved...instrumentation, habitation and transportation...will provide for habitation on the lunar base. Two airlocks... more hits from [http://www.tsgc.utexas.edu/archive/design/farside.html] similar results 6. HUMAN LUNAR RETURN [1995-96] Apr 2002 ...umbilicals from the LLV. Human Lunar Return Surface Habitat . The HLR crew would live in...Proton launches to deliver the lunar habitat, LLV, LOS, propellants and TLI stages. Lunar Surface Habitat Roadmap . The first mission... more hits from [http://www.abo.fi/~mlindroo/Station/Slides/sld051x.htm] similar results 7. Lunar Farside Observatory Wendell W. Mendell, May 1996 An International Lunar Farside Observatory and Science...study of an International Lunar Farside Observatory and Science...group dealt with all the lunar surface infrastructure, although...and LUFAD, and the surface habitat was a product of Life Sciences... [http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLi...] similar results snip ------------------------------------------------------------- Well this should keep me busy for some time. Now need two Martian day lengths per day. :-) - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/aboutus/ Scirus is the most comprehensive science-specific search engine on the Internet. Driven by the latest search engine technology, Scirus searches over 167 million science-specific Web pages, enabling you to quickly: * Pinpoint scientific, scholarly, technical and medical data on the Web. * Find the latest reports, peer-reviewed articles and journals that other search engines miss. * Offer unique functionalities designed for scientists and researchers. Scirus has proved so successful at locating science-specific results on the Web that the Search Engine Watch Awards voted Scirus 'Best Specialty Search Engine' in 2001 and 2002. [More... http://searchenginewatch.com/awards/article.php/2155921 ] ============================================================= http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/aboutus/#name About the name Scirus We took the name Scirus from the following passage: "To the Eleusinians who were warring against Erechtheus, came a man, Scirus by name, who was a seer from Dodona, and who also established at Phalerum the ancient temple of Athena Sciras. After he had fallen in the battle, the Eleusinians buried him near a winter-flowing river and the name of the region and the river is from that of the hero."* We chose the name Scirus because seers and prophets are said to judge the signs of what is to come. And science is a visionary discipline in which you are continuously working on new ideas and developments. The Scirus search engine will pro-actively support your role as a seer. *Excerpt from "The Description of Greece" by Pausanias, translated by August A. Imholtz, Jr., CIS Executive Editor ============================================================= http://www.scirus.com/srsapp/aboutus/#tech The Technology Behind Scirus For more information about the technology behind Scirus, and the advanced functionality Scirus offers, download our white paper. http://www.scirus.com/press/pdf/WhitePaper_Scirus.pdf ============================================================= ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040412/8a68f80c/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Mon Apr 12 12:45:48 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 11:45:48 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] NASA ACKNOWLEDGES HISTORIC SPACE FLIGHT Message-ID: 43rd anniversary of the first human spaceflight http://www.sparx.net/yuri/ April 12, 2004 marks the 43rd anniversary of the first human into space, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, and the 23rd anniversary of the flight of the first American space shuttle, Columbia. Yuri's Night is a global celebration of human space achievement designed to raise awareness and support for space exploration. --- http://www.marsgravity.org/news/newsletter07.php snip 1. WATCH THIS SPACE Mars Gravity Notices UW TO CELEBRATE YURI'S NIGHT IN STYLE On 12 April 2004, members of the international Mars Gravity team will help celebrate the 43rd anniversary of the first human space flight, by Yuri Gagarin, and the 23rd anniversary of the first Space Shuttle flight. The UW crew will party in style atop the famous Seattle Space Needle. Yuri's Night (http://www.yurisnight.net) features parties all around the world during a single Earth night, kicking off in Brisbane. Everyone's invited, so watch this space! snip --- http://www.yurisnight.net/spaceparty.php "Circling the Earth in the orbital spaceship I marvelled at the beauty of our planet. People of the world! Let us safeguard and enhance this beauty - not destroy it!" - Yuri Gagarin snip --- http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level1/gagarin.html Yuri Gagarin was born near Moscow, Russia on March 9, 1934. He died on March 27, 1968. Yuri joined the Soviet Air Force in 1955. By 1959, he was training to become a cosmonaut. On April 12, 1961 Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit Earth! The name of his spacecraft was Vostok 1. Vostok 1 had two sections. One section was for Yuri. The second section was for supplies needed for Gagarin to live such as oxygen and water. Vostok 1 circled Earth at a speed of 27,400 kilometers per hour. The flight lasted 108 minutes. Vostok's reentry was controlled by a computer. Yuri Gagarin did not land inside of Vostok 1. He ejected from the spacecraft and landed by parachute. Yuri Gagarin was killed in a plane crash before he could travel in space a second time. --- http://howe.iki.rssi.ru/GCTC/gctc_e.htm THE YURI GAGARIN COSMONAUTS TRAINING CENTER --- ------------------------------------------------------------- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= Glenn Mahone/Doc Mirelson Headquarters, Washington April 12, 2004 (Phone: 202/358-1600) RELEASE: 04-123 NASA ACKNOWLEDGES HISTORIC SPACE FLIGHT Today is a great day in the history of spaceflight, marking the 43rd anniversary of the first human spaceflight and the 23rd anniversary of the first flight of the Space Shuttle. Our Russian partners celebrate this day as Cosmonautics Day. In keeping with tradition, NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe sent congratulations on behalf of the agency to Russian Federal Space Agency Head Anatolii Perminov. On April 12, 1961, Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel in space, when he was launched on the historic "Vostok 1" flight. Since that day, Russia has celebrated April 12th as Cosmonautics Day. In his letter of congratulations, Administrator O'Keefe said, "My warmest congratulations to you and the people of the Federal Space Agency (FKA) on Cosmonautics Day 2004! The people of FKA can be justifiably proud of the heritage of success that we all celebrate on Cosmonautics Day. "As the world celebrates the 43rd anniversary of the historic flight of Yuri Gagarin, we are reminded of the tremendous contributions space exploration has made to humanity. These contributions are many and varied, ranging from exploits in human space flight to robotic discoveries across the solar system. "Closer to home, exploration has yielded unprecedented insights into the Earth's systems from orbiting satellites to incredible advancements in biological and physical research. It is no coincidence NASA and FKA have substantial ongoing cooperation in each of these areas, as our agencies continue to work closely together to push back the frontiers of space for the benefit of all. "I am proud that our courageous spacefarers, such as astronaut Michael Foale and cosmonaut Alexander Kaleri, who are on-orbit on the International Space Station, and Gennady Padalka and Mike Fincke who are in the final stages of preparation for the next journey of discovery on the Station, continue to build upon the legacy of Yuri Gagarin and expand our reach into the unknown." The first flight of the Space Shuttle took place on April 12, 1981. The Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-1) blasted off on its historic mission on the 20th anniversary of Gagarin's groundbreaking flight. The Columbia's 54-hour, 36-orbit mission tested the vehicle, which has since been used as the basis of our international human space flight partnerships. Scientific cooperation with the Soviet Union dates back to the very beginnings of space flight. The first cooperative human space flight project between the United States and the Soviet Union took place in 1975. The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was designed to test the compatibility of rendezvous and docking systems for American and Soviet spacecraft and to open the way for future joint manned flights. Since 1993, the U.S. and Russia have worked together on a number of other space flight projects. The Space Shuttle began visiting the Russian Mir space station in 1994, and in 1995 Norm Thagard became the first U.S. astronaut to take up residency on Mir. Seven U.S. astronauts served with their Russian counterparts aboard the orbiting Mir laboratory from 1995 to 1998. The experience gained from the Mir cooperative effort, as well as lessons learned, paved the way for the International Space Station. In-orbit construction on the Station began in November 1998, and it has been staffed non-stop with international crews since November 2000. The first Station crew, made up of U.S. commander Bill Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev, was launched on board a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. The crew returned to Earth on the Space Shuttle Discovery in March 2001. Since the Space Shuttle Columbia accident on February 1, 2003, crew exchange and resupply of the Station have depended on Russian Soyuz and Progress vehicles. The cooperation between the U.S. and Russia has grown into a mutually supportive effort. With the combined efforts of the other 14 International Space Station partner nations, the unique orbiting laboratory has become a symbol of peaceful international cooperation. For information about NASA and agency programs on the Internet, visit: http://www.nasa.gov -end- * * * NASA press releases and other information are available automatically by sending an Internet electronic mail message to domo at hq.nasa.gov. In the body of the message (not the subject line) users should type the words "subscribe press-release" (no quotes). The system will reply with a confirmation via E-mail of each subscription. A second automatic message will include additional information on the service. NASA releases also are available via CompuServe using the command GO NASA. To unsubscribe from this mailing list, address an E-mail message to domo at hq.nasa.gov, leave the subject blank, and type only "unsubscribe press-release" (no quotes) in the body of the message. ============================================================= ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040412/155c9fba/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Sun Apr 11 23:44:47 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Sun, 11 Apr 2004 22:44:47 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] More for thinking about - "Virtual Moon Atlas" - and more Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07D1F11E@exchange.prog.altair.com> More for thinking about. In response for requested whispers, you have responded. My thanks to all. May there be more. Make it so. :-) Hans Kalff suggests that to make the list interesting I could ask questions since we have inquisitive minds and like to find answers. It is part of the quest. The path can be as interesting as the goal. I don't profess to have all the answers and found it took me longer than some to get the answers my teachers wanted. I know that you folks have many of the answers and probably more questions than I can think of, so let me list some of Hans' ideas. Yours too if you like. Listening. - LRK - We can develop these and more if this proves of worth. We can add to http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm items that might help us along the path. - LRK - > suggestion : Make space (Moon, Mars, Universe) appetizing. Make a > descriptive map with all the latest knowledge about e.g. moon. Distribute > that as far as you can:> I put a link to a very nice "Virtual Moon Atlas" by Christian Legrand and Patrick Chevalley below. I also have it listed on the Moon page http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/moon.html Continuing along those lines Hans adds. >Hello Larry >Yes a map comes in handy. I suppose we (the world) knows more about the moon >like what minerals have been spotted >10 highest mountains >10 deepest valleys >any riverbeds left >highest temperatures measured >lowest temperatures measured >moonsoil comparable to earth soil? >theory about the moon being part of earth >theory about the moon coming from elsewhere hitting the earth around the >pacific ocean? >I think it is good to compile all these items. Do you agree? >... >Hans Kalff We can look into these topics and post the results on the web site and link to the http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ If you have a news reader like SharpReader http://www.sharpreader.net/ for Windows you can subscribe to the RSS XML link for the blogs and get an alert when I post something to blogspot. (there are readers for most OS ) http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/atom.xml (many web sites are now supporting RSS XML connections. Some sources http://syndic8.com/ ) [ GOGGLE search result for key words - RSS XML NewsReaders - http://directory.google.com/Top/Reference/Libraries/Library_and_Information_ Science/Technical_Services/Cataloguing/Metadata/RDF/Applications/RSS/News_Re aders/ ] Will continue reading the books I have that might help us go to the Moon and share some of that as you wish. Do you want to know how to design a mission? "SPACE MISSION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN" Third Edition, James R. Wertz and Wiley J Larson editors. "Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control", Ed. by James R. Wertz Want to take humans along? "Human Spaceflight MISSION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN", Edited by Wiley J. Larson and Linda K. Pranke Do we want to survive these flights even if there is no supply ship handy? "SPACEFLIGHT LIFE SUPPORT AND BIOSPHERICS", Peter Eckart Do you want to set up a Lunar Base? "The Lunar Base Handbook", Peter Eckart Looking for things to use for your Lunar Base? "THE MOON Resources, Future Development and Colonization", David Schrunk, Burton Sharpe, Bonnie Cooper an Madhu Thangavelu Want to know more about the Moon? "EXPLORING THE MOON The Apollo Expeditions", David M. Harland "The Once and Future Moon", Paul D. Spudis More about what the Apollo Astronauts? Then info from the "Apollo -- THE NASA MISSION REPORTS" from APOGEE BOOKS. APOLLO PRESS RELEASES supplied by Ron Wells. MORE BOOKS THAT AREN'T SITTING ON MY COFFEE TABLE - I would have to get up. :-) Will just need to use Martian time as a 24 hour Earth day doesn't seem long enough. :-( ALSO, IT IS GOING TO COST YOU. :-) Money is good, see PayPal links on website. Praise, and warm fuzzy thoughts help and you have been most gracious there. Continue with the good links and suggestions. Double the readership so I know I am doing the right thing. Throw vegetables from the front row seats when I blow it. - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= ============================================================= ============================================================= http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/moon.html ============================================================= >From above - LRK - With all this talk about unknown craters, the following freeware program might be handy: "Virtual Moon Atlas" by Christian Legrand and Patrick Chevalley. It is available at http://astrosurf.com/avl/UK_index.html and features the a 3D real time display of the moon (including lighting conditions), but you can also set an arbitrary date to display. It contains an extensive database of features including all landing sites (Apollo, Surveyor, etc.). It also contains >1000 pictures of formations from the "Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Moon". It supports OpenGL for graphics performance (but doesn't require it). About a dozen languages (apart from English) are supported via language packs. All those features take up some space, so it's a rather big download (about 31 Mb) Sorry, the program runs on Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP only. - LRK - ============================================================= ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040411/82d4907f/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Sun Apr 11 20:31:26 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Sun, 11 Apr 2004 19:31:26 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] SPACE DAY - May 6 2004 Message-ID: Good day, I should think this would be a very good year to celebrate SPACE DAY. - LRK - Would do you think? - LRK - ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.spaceday.org/index.html Space Day - Founded by Lockheed Martin ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.spaceday.org/conmgmt/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=80&op=pa ge&SubMenu= ABOUT US What is Space Day? Since its launch in 1997, the Space Day educational initiative, which takes place on the first Thursday of each May, has evolved into a massive grassroots effort dedicated to the extraordinary achievements, benefits and opportunities in the exploration and use of space. The ultimate goal is to promote math, science, technology and engineering education by nurturing young peoples' enthusiasm for the wonders of the universe and inspiring them to continue the stellar work of today's space explorers. International in scope, the award-winning program involves hundreds of thousands of teachers and millions of students throughout the United States, Canada and beyond. Space Day events have taken place in 21 countries around the globe on six continents. Thanks to widespread media support, nearly a billion people have learned about the Space Day programs since its inception. So effective is this global initiative that it has been honored with the Space Foundation's prestigious Education Achievement Award. Space Day benefits from more than 75 official Partners, including Challenger Center for Space Science Education (creator of the Space Day Design Challenges) the National Science Teachers Association, National Science Foundation, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Boys and Girls Clubs of America, Lockheed Martin Corporation, the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum, ePALS Classroom Exchange (tm), Time Warner, Discovery Communications, Inc., the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Canadian Space Agency, among many others. ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.spaceday.org/conmgmt/index.php?option=com_getEvents&Itemid=2 Space Day Events Welcome! We hope you will take this opportunity to tell others around the world how you are planning to celebrate Space Day 2004 in your school or community ------------------------------------------------------------- Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= This Story has been sent to you by : larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net SPACE DAY The annual celebration of Space Day falls on May 6 this year, but so much has been going on out there, you could call 2004 Space Year. Look at everything that's happened so far for space exploration: The full article will be available on the Web for a limited time: http://www.montereyherald.com/mld/montereyherald/entertainment/8407833.htm (c) 2004 Monterey County Herald and wire service sources. All Rights Reserved. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- Posted on Sun, Apr. 11, 2004 SPACE DAY Celebrate a galaxy of stars on May 6 By MARCIA ABRAMSON Knight Ridder Newspapers The annual celebration of Space Day falls on May 6 this year, but so much has been going on out there, you could call 2004 Space Year. Look at everything that's happened so far for space exploration: * NASA's rovers are sending back evidence that there was once water on Mars. * A new kind of rocket plane -- a hypersonic scramjet -- set speed records. * President George W. Bush said he wants astronauts to go back to the moon and then on to Mars. * The Cassini probe is due to make fly-bys of Saturn and its moons later this year. * Europe, Russia, Japan and China all have space programs and are planning their own missions. Space Day is an educational program sponsored by NASA and Lockheed Martin, a company that is very involved in space exploration. One of its main activities is a contest for kids, the Space Day Design Challenges. Winners are honored on Space Day, when they have a chance to meet astronauts and tour space museums in the Washington, D.C., area. But there will be Space Day celebrations at museums and schools all over the country, too. This year's theme is ''Blazing Galactic Trails,'' honoring the bicentennial of the Lewis and Clark expedition and saluting future explorers -- today's kids. One of those future explorers could be 16-year-old Michael Owens, a sophomore at Prescott High School in Arizona. Michael is already helping NASA with the Mars Rover project. Michael and his best friend teamed up and were winners in the 2002 Space Day Design Challenge. Their project showed how to use green algae to make oxygen for a spaceship. Michael went to Washington, where he met former astronauts John Glenn and Sally Ride. Then Michael was chosen to lead a team of 15 students to help NASA watch for storms that could affect the rover mission. NASA sends them data, and they analyze it after school. They get help from teachers and scientists at Arizona State University. ''It was really exciting to be part of the mission when the rovers touched down,'' Michael said. About 50 student teams nationwide are helping NASA with the rover mission. NASA also chose Michael to be one of its student spokesmen. When we spoke with Michael, he said he had just met with Arizona's governor Janet Napolitano to talk about Space Day and science education. That was exciting for him, too. Michael has been fascinated with space since fourth grade, when he built a Mars colony out of Legos. He is not sure if he wants to go to Mars, but would like to become a psychologist who studies the effects of space travel on humans. ''I'd really like to see a black hole,'' he said. ''That would be cool -- without getting sucked in, of course.'' As a NASA spokesman, Michael said he wants to tell kids that, like him, they can have fun with science, math and technology. ''I want to tell them to go for their goals and have fun along the way,'' he said. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- Space Day Here are some of the museums that are having special events on Space Day: * Orlando Science Center in Florida; Denver Museum of Nature and Science in Colorado; California Science Center in Los Angeles; Virginia Air and Space Center in Hampton; Challenger Learning Center in Paducah, Ky.; and Edgerton Explorit Center in Aurora, Neb. To see what's happening around the country, visit www.spaceday.org. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- ? 2004 Monterey County Herald and wire service sources. All Rights Reserved. http://www.montereyherald.com http://www.montereyherald.com/mld/montereyherald/entertainment/8407833.htm ============================================================= WHAT THE MIND CAN CONCEIVE, AND BELIEVE, IT WILL ACHIEVE - LRK ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040411/25eaaa7f/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Fri Apr 9 04:28:14 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Fri, 9 Apr 2004 03:28:14 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] The Universal Translator - How to Talk to The Dolphins, Crickets, Elephants, or Aliens Message-ID: This is a mind experiment. Some time back read about how Dolphins might be interpreting their echo location as actual images in their brain. Not being inside of a Dolphin, I don't really know how they experience their environment, then again, I don't really know how I experience my environment either. but - Wouldn't it be nice to be able to see a lot more of our environment? If we just had the right sensors and the conversion matrix to translate the energy that is around us into some form that we can understand, wow what a rush. We would hear whistles, clicks, and many sounds from energetic actions translated into the audio range. Meteors entering our atmosphere is one that comes to mind. http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast19jan_1.htm http://t2wesa.r3h.net/export/esaSC/SEM83BXO4HD_sensations_0.html http://www.k5kj.net/meteor.htm http://www.fathom.com/course/10701056/ http://www.dolphinear.com/data/dolphin_echo_location.htm http://www.seaworld.org/infobooks/BonyFish/senses.html http://www.hawaii.edu/HIMB/sharklab/research/kajiura.html So put on Geordi LaForge's visor. ---------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Dreamworld/2460/crew/laforge.htm snip Born blind due to a birth defect. Wore VISOR from 2340 to 2372 (advanced optical sensor that allows him to see outside human visible spectrum). By stardate 50893, received ocular implants to replace VISOR. snip ---------------------------------------------------------------- and think about what you might be able to SEE as you read the poem I wrote. :-) - LRK - When we go to space we will need to SEE many events that would normally be outside our normal experience. Who of you will develop the next new sensors for translating the energies in the surround into images the you can SEE? Larry Kellogg http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= The Universal Translator Or How to Talk to The Dolphins, Crickets, Elephants, Or Aliens The sound goes around. To and fro it bounds. I can see for you and me. A picture for me, A sound for thee. How does a picture sound? Can I send it around? Would you hear in your ear, What I see and fear? How does it sound? As I send it around? My picture in sound. What does my mind see? What does my mind hear? Just a wiggle and a squiggle, An itch and a twitch. Something in motion, Much like the ocean. It wiggles and squiggles, With ups and downs, And motion all around Is it sound that rebounds? Or the motion that goes around? What is it I see? What do you hear? Is it by ear? Or by bone? Do I care how I hear? What is it I hear? But a motion applied to motion, The difference I sense. The vibration goes around and it comes around. Having seen what was there Being modified by air Do I really care? If it is by air. Could be from afar? Or just from a jar? This sound that went around. How does it rebound? When it goes around. I send and I see What comes back to me. How does it differ? >From what I send. Does that tell me, Where it has been? The sound goes around With a wiggle and a squiggle. And an added jiggle. What does it do, For me and for you? One day I'll see What you have heard And you can hear What I see. What goes around And comes back sound May go around And come to me, As something to see. The shrimp it clicks The insect stamps A shriek, a bellow Over there, over here A sensor, a sensor Feeling this vibration. To be in tune, To listen to the moon, In an afternoon. A vision to see, Using the medium For free. How do I see? What does it mean for me? Just a translation. >From a vibration, To an elation. Its motion all around. How does it vibrate? How does it shake? What information Does it make? The background, All a twitter. The background, All around. The noise, How gray. The noise What does it say? To enhance the dance And see the prance. The lights they play What do they say? A vibration against the white A sound in the night A magnetic push A gravitational pull How do they differ, >From the background of all? What information from around When pushed and pulled by the sound? A blare, a flair, In the air, I don't care. In the water, it's a medium, In the ether, no tedium. Radiation, it's the difference that counts. How it wiggles and how it bounce. A throb, a bob A wiggle, a squiggle. How it differs, because of the surround, Is what goes, and comes around. What differs from expectation, Is what makes for information. The play on the gray Extracted today Is what went, And came back, With information On this and that. Be it magnetic or electrostatic It's the wiggle and the squiggle That comes around With information on the surround. So where are you immersed? And in what are you versed? Can I change my wiggle, To match your squiggle? So that what I sent around Come to from the surround. It's the difference, that extra jiggle That has information to make you giggle. >From its sound And image to see, The medium is different For you and for me. May I transform my jiggle To be heard as a giggle? So what is seen from light to me Is hear in the sea, an image for thee. The difference applied To light from aside, May for me And image be. How do I see? What does it mean for me? Just a translation >From a vibration To an elation An image to see. Copyright May 28, 2001 by L & S Robotics, Larry Kellogg Edited April 9, 2004 - LRK - ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040409/98eccef0/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Fri Apr 9 01:07:08 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Fri, 9 Apr 2004 00:07:08 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] FAA Issues License for Historic Sub-Orbital Manned Rocket Launch Message-ID: Good day, The X-Prize offer is good until the end of this year. You need to schedule your attempt at the glory and you need to have permission to launch too. You folks are indeed looking up and doing a good job of pointing too. Thanks! http://www.xprize.org/index.html X-PRIZE http://www.xprize.org/press/release_051.html FAA LICENSES SPACESHIPONE AS FIRST PRIVATE ROCKET http://www.xprize.org/teams/index.html THE TEAMS COMPETING http://www.xprize.org/teams/guidelines.html X PRIZE Competition Guidelines Larry Kellogg http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= FROM Gunjan Gupta - LRK - In case you guys missed this big news .. Looks like we are very close (a couple of months or even days I would speculate) to the first privately funded manned flight into Space ! The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) announced yesterday that it had issued the world's first license for a sub-orbital manned rocket flight to X Prize contender Scaled Composite for its Spaceship One. Read on .. http://www.space.com/news/faa_spaceshipone_040407.html and http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/spaceshipone_test_040408.html Cheers, Gunjan ------------------------------------------------------------- FROM DAN LASLEY - LRK - Larry, Here's someone who is looking up: http://www.faa.gov/apa/pr/pr.cfm?id=1833 I'm keeping my fingers crossed for these guys! Regards, Dan ------------------------------------------------------------- THE ABOVE REFERENCE IN FULL - LRK - http://www.faa.gov/apa/pr/pr.cfm?id=1833 Contact: Henry J. Price Phone: 202-267-3883 APA 13-04 Date Posted: April 7, 2004 FAA Issues License for Historic Sub-Orbital Manned Rocket Launch WASHINGTON, DC - The U.S. Department of Transportation today announced it has issued the world's first license for a sub-orbital manned rocket flight. The license was issued April 1 by the Federal Aviation Administration's Office of Commercial Space Transportation to Scaled Composites of Mojave, Calif., headed by aviation record-holder Burt Rutan, for a sequence of sub-orbital flights spanning a one-year period. The FAA sub-orbital space flight license is required for U.S. contenders in the X-Prize competition, a high-stakes international race ultimately to launch a manned, reusable private vehicle into space and return it safely to Earth. The X- Prize foundation will award $10 million to the first company or organization to launch a vehicle capable of carrying three people to a height of 100 kilometers (62.5 miles), return them safely to Earth, and repeat the flight with the same vehicle within two weeks. Twenty-seven contestants representing seven countries have already registered for the X-Prize contest, modeled on the $25,000 Orteig Prize for which Charles Lindbergh flew solo from New York to Paris in 1927. In its 20 years of existence, the FAA's Office of Commercial Space Transportation has licensed more than 150 commercial launches of unmanned expendable launch vehicles. This license is the first to authorize manned flight on a sub-orbital trajectory. While the highest criteria to issue a license is public safety, applicants must undergo an extensive pre- application process, demonstrate adequate financial responsibility to cover any potential losses, and meet strict environmental requirements. ### ------------------------------------------------------------- MORE ON MIXED NUMBERS - DON'T BELIEVE EVERYTHING YOU HEAR OR SEE IN PRINT. - LRK - FROM Gunjan Gupta - LRK - Recently we were all talking about how the media inflated the numbers for the planned manned missions to Mars and Moon in the next 30 years. Here is a good article on how this happened when Bush's Mars initiative numbers got inflated to "trillions of dollars for one Mars trip" by the media. The article is really well written and researched, and this can be one good link to point to anyone who asks you the question - "Why are we wasting so much money on manned Mars exploration ?". ============================================== Whispers in the echo chamber by Dwayne A. Day http://www.thespacereview.com/article/119/1 (note there are two pages in the article, there is a link at the bottom to go to the second page). Regards, Gunjan ------------------------------------------------------------- The Planetary Data System (PDS)http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/ GEOSCIENCES NODE http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/ HAS CHANGED THEIR WEB SITES TO MATCH THE "ONE NASA" MOTIF AND IN PARTICULAR, THE LUNAR PROSPECTOR DATA PAGES. WE WENT TO THE MOON NOT ALL THAT LONG AGO. - LRK - http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/lunarp/ Lunar Prospector Lunar Prospector (LP) was a spin-stabilized spacecraft, operating in a 100 km circular, polar orbit around the Moon during its Primary Mission in 1998. The orbit was lowered to 30 km for the Extended Mission that began in January 1999. The mission ended on July 31, 1999, when the spacecraft was targeted to impact a crater near the lunar south pole to try to vaporize part of the suspected water deposits. The science goals of LP were to map the Moon's surface composition and its magnetic and gravity fields, to determine the frequency and location of gas release events, and to search for polar ice deposits. To meet these objectives, LP had five science instruments located on three booms: a gamma ray spectrometer, a neutron spectrometer, an alpha particle spectrometer, a magnetometer, and an electron reflectometer. In addition, Doppler tracking data was used to derive gravity measurements. The preliminary science results from Lunar Prospector have been published in the September 4, 1998 issue of Science. Also, a detailed description of the Lunar Prospector spacecraft is available in the LP Mission Handbook document (Adobe Acrobat format file; 760 KB). snip ----------------- ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040409/bb9c0374/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Wed Apr 7 01:41:08 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Wed, 7 Apr 2004 00:41:08 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Careful - rocks in the path to the Stars or at least the Moon Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07A42CBC@exchange.prog.altair.com> Good evening. I trust you still want to go to the Moon, Mars, and Beyond. You are going to have to pick a path that doesn't have too many rocks or you are going to have to be like a lot of ants, and move those stones out of your way, one at a time. Buzz Aldrin and company would like to help lift you on the way, smartly. You may see different paths and you may find diversions along the way. The stars are bright and you may be fixated. Come on, move along. Do you have the focus and determination to continue up the hill? It may take many to assist with the load and speaking of that, I daily remove the dead from this path. (bad addresses) If you want to help, tell others about the journey and have them sign up for this list should you find it helpful to have a megaphone giving encouragement. :-) I listen and as you may have noticed, often repeat what is whispered in my ear. I don't know if I should turn up the volume on the megaphone or not. I don't want to drive you away, but I want all to hear. You in the back, can you hear? Pass a note up the line if you have a suggestion. :-) Larry Kellogg http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/moon.html - where do you want to set up camp? http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html - suggestions accepted - http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= SBI Starcraft Booster INC. http://StarBooster.com ------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.floridatoday.com/news/space/stories/2004a/032604aldrin.htm March 26, 2004 U.S. needs larger rocket, Aldrin says BY TODD HALVORSON FLORIDA TODAY CAPE CANAVERAL-- The nation should develop a heavy-lift rocket based on space shuttle components to send astronauts back to the moon and on to Mars, the second man to walk on the moon told a presidential commission Thursday. During a hearing in Atlanta, held by the President's Commission on Moon, Mars and Beyond, Buzz Aldrin said a super-sized rocket would reduce costs as well as the number of missions needed to return to the moon between 2015 and 2020. "It isn't going to happen unless we have a better way of getting into space," said Aldrin, who set foot on the moon with fellow Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong on July 20, 1969. The two became the first humans to visit another celestial body. A company headed by Aldrin -- Starcraft Boosters Inc. of Houston -- is designing a heavy-lift rocket that would employ shuttle solid rocket boosters and external tanks to loft cargoes weighing up to 115,000 pounds. snip Image - LRK - Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin speaks to the President's Commission on Moon, Mars and Beyond on Thursday in Atlanta. Aldrin told the panel the United States needs enthusiasm similar the "pioneering days" of the first moon landing if it wants to go to Mars. Image ? 2004, AP snip ------------------------------------------------------------- Buzz Aldrin's March 25 Presentation to the President's Commission on Moon, Mars & Beyond http://starbooster.com/032504SlidesAldrin.pdf GO THERE AND SEE WHAT COULD HELP LIFT US TOWARDS THE MOON - LRK - ============================================================= THIS SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ARTICLE TALKS ABOUT SOME OF THE PROBLEMS SEEN WITH GOING BACK TO THE MOON. - LRK - Scientific American: Fly Me to the Moon [ SPACEFLIGHT ] Going to the Moon means winners and losers in science http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0006BC20-3E44-1052-BD3483414B7F01 6F&ref=sciam&chanID=sa006 ============================================================== A GOOD LOOK AT WHY WE CAN'T RUN UP AND REPAIR THE HUBBLE AT THIS TIME - AND MAY NOT BE ABLE TO IN THE FUTURE. - LRK - http://msnbc.msn.com/id/4580820/ MSNBC - Hubble debate a lot of sound and fury: COMMENTARY By James Oberg NBC News space analyst Special to MSNBC Updated: 9:49 p.m. ET March 22, 2004 "HOUSTON - The premature termination of the Hubble telescope's mission is dismaying, even heart-breaking. But even more appalling has been the aftermath of the decision. While NASA made ghastly blunders in announcing and explaining the decision to cancel a needed repair mission, the public furor that has ensued is based on fundamental misunderstandings and misconception mixed with posturing and politics." snip ============================================================== ANOTHER LOOK WITH A LOT OF HISTORY AND LINKS - LRK - http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=937 NASA's Hubble Space Telescope: A Fate Far From Certain Keith Cowing Sunday, March 14, 2004 In January 2004, just days after the rollout of the President's new space policy, Sean O'Keefe announced his decision not to proceed with SM4 - the fifth, and last scheduled Space Shuttle Servicing Mission to the Hubble Space Telescope. This mission would have installed new gyroscopes, and added several new instruments to the aging telescope allowing it to operate until the end of the decade. snip ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040407/f0302fb9/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Mon Apr 5 16:25:04 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (Larry Kellogg) Date: Mon, 5 Apr 2004 15:25:04 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Looking Back at Looking up - and - Not all agree - Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07C481A1@exchange.prog.altair.com> Good day, It is Monday and I suppose should be at work but others have said working half time is enough. Ok, gives me time to bend your ear should you care to listen. - LRK - Vic Johnson sent me some excerpts that help us look back. We might take a look and see how they compare to where we are today. I have separated the articles and added a few comments for your consideration. - LRK - John Michael Williams sent a BBC link that says there are divided opinions about setting up a Lunar Base. This is understandable. In reading some of the books on NASA History I have seen that the different scientific communities view looking up in different ways and each wants to protect its source of funding. What will make a difference though is how will congress hear these differences and will we get a chance to really spend some time with our nearest neighbor - In person, up close and personal. I look at going back to the Moon as a larger initiative than JUST getting scientific DATA. Robots can do that to a degree. It MAY be a way to expand humanity out into space. A way to learn how to venture further than the front door here on Earth. Learning how to keep your house clean on the Moon may take more effort. The view will be different. The experience, Out of This World. :-) If we don't want to leave home, then sending robotic probes, satellites, and space telescopes up into space should be enough. Soooo, the question may come down to what are your motives for looking up. We can wonder and marvel at the beauty of the stars from the middle of a quiet lake at night as Vic has done with his son. You folks with your telescopes and dark skies (if you can find them) are looking up, taking pictures, and being thrilled. http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/pictures.html http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/ http://hubblesite.org/gallery/ We can listen to the astronauts that have been to the Moon and looked back at Earth. http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/40thann/videos.htm http://www.live365.com/stations/246422?site=apollo_11_oda We certainly can spend more time here working on Earthly problems. (or creating them) --- http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura is a NASA mission to study the Earth's ozone, air quality and climate. This mission is designed exclusively to conduct research on the composition, chemistry and dynamics of the Earth's upper and lower atmosphere employing multiple instruments on a single satellite. --- Is that enough? ( I pulled up the weights on the grandfather clock, another 3 days gone by. Yawn, ho hum.) Could there be some that would like to dream a bigger picture? http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/colonies.html http://www.belmont.k12.ca.us/ralston/programs/itech/SpaceSettlement/ http://www.belmont.k12.ca.us/ralston/programs/itech/SpaceSettlement/75Summer Study/Design.html or http://lifesci3.arc.nasa.gov/SpaceSettlement/ http://lifesci3.arc.nasa.gov/SpaceSettlement/75SummerStudy/Design.html Read any Arthur C. Clark novels recently? Kim Stanley Robinson, Larry Niven? Homer Hickam, Robert A. Heinlein? Just books, just dreams, just where you could be if we really step off Mother Earth. But .... Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= =========== Hi Larry. BBC online just published this: "Lunar base options divide experts" at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/science/nature/3600627.stm -- John =========== Larry This renewed interest in returning to the moon and launching a manned mission to Mars prompted me to look into my stash of old magazines (Space World, Space Age, etc.), and some NASA publication from the Government Printing Office (Orders of Magnitude: A History of NACA and NASA, 1915-1976; Aeronautics and Space Report of the President: 1976 Activities A Forecast of Space Technology, 1980-2000; New Horizons; Space Settlement: A Design Study). There was a time before the Reagan administration that NASA publications and other government information on developments in space planning was much more easily procured than later. Can looking back be of any value? It's been about 46 years since Sputnik awakened the American public to the realities of rocket launched orbiting vehicles. I don't know how useful this retrospection might be. Let's see. Here's a sample: Looking Back at Looking Up Vic Johnson ============ Vic, you have a very nice stash of magazines. I would venture a guess many of you out there do too. Many of mine are still pilled up in the garage. Four day week ends not enough time. - LRK - * * * * * * * * * * * * >From AIR&SPACE, Smithsonian, June/July 1989 (Special Anniversary Edition, 20 Years Since Apollo 11) ". . . At the time of the first moon landing, pundits called Apollo 11 a triumph for the 'squares,' meaning those scientists and technicians who worked with slide rules and wore crew cuts and polished their shoes. Americans never gave that observation much thought at the time, but it's a telling one because it hinted at just one of many societal divisions that had appeared in the turbulent postwar period of the '50s and '60s. A nation celebrating the Apollo 11 triumph in 1969 as a symbol of unity of purpose appears from our perspective here 20 years later to have been remarkably innocent and lacking in the skills of introspection. And as stirring as they were, the Apollo landings couldn't spare us the grimmer aspects of the '60s and '70s . . . . "Apollo 11 earned a permanent place in history as a momentous voyage. But the Apollo program should also be remembered for what was perhaps its most important attribute: it made us ask questions. It forced us to think." -"Hypothesis." George C. Larson * * * * * * * * * * * * HAD A CREW CUT, POLISHED MY SHOES, AND USED A SLIP STICK. - LRK - Which brings up the point that when and where you spent your younger years, probably shapes the way you look at things happening today. You may not remember plastic tax tokens, or saving balls of string, telephones that had dials and telephone companies with lots of stepper relays. :-) We went to the Moon with a computer that you entered the one's and zero's on a Display and Keyboard unit, or DSKY. - LRK - ----------------------------------------------- http://www.abc.net.au/science/moon/computer.htm snip On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin had entered the Lunar Module they named 'Eagle' and were descending to the surface. They were about 6,000 feet above the surface and the descent engine was halfway through its final 12-minute burn that would land them safely on the moon, when a yellow caution light lit up on the computer control panel. It was a 1202 error, indicating a memory overload, and the astronauts asked Mission Control for instructions. The overflow had resulted from an unexpected flow of data concerning radar pointing. Because the computer had been programmed to recognize this data as being of secondary importance it would ignore it while doing more important computations. The responsibility for deciding if the error was crucial or not fell to 26-year old Steve Bales, the control room's expert in the lunar module's guidance systems. Jack Garman, supporting Bales from another console, remembered that a similar problem had been tried during a simulation a week or so before, so he reassured Bales that the mission could continue. snip ----------------------------------------------- Did provide many chances to think and be stimulated. - LRK - * * * * * * * * * * * * ". . . When President Kennedy began the lunar landing project, his science advisor, Jerome Wiesner, told him that the undertaking could not be justified on scientific grounds. Kennedy assured Wiesner that the other reasons for going ahead with Apollo were sufficiently compelling "In 1961, Kennedy, as well as many others, believed that visible achievement in space would become an essential element of national power and international leadership. As a symbolic undertasking driven by these political objectives, Apollo delivered. . . . "The U.S. space program became a source not only of national pride but of international respect. . . . "Over time, the pride and admiration have been tempered by other reactions, particularly in this country. The Apollo achievement has become a benchmark against which to measure the inability of American society to mobilize its resources to address other goals. We look back 20 years with nostalgia for past successes, and wonder why a country that once could send men to the moon cannot now use its skills and wealth to solve Earthbound problems. We asked others in the world to accept space achievements as a measure of a nation's character; then, in the aftermath of Apollo, we backed away from our own commitment to space. . . ." -"The Judgment of Time on Space," John Logsdon, Director, Space Policy Institute, George Washington University * * * * * * * * * * * * ----------------------------------------------- ... A BENCHMARK AGAINST WHICH TO MEASURE THE INABILITY OF AMERICAN SOCIETY TO MOBILIZE ITS RESOURCES TO OTHER GOALS (caps mine).... Wonder if the benchmark will be updated to reflect on how you get out of other countries after the use of smart bombs. Read Homer Hickam's "Back to the Moon" and make sure we know what our reasons for going to space are. Like an actor on stage, we go through life putting on different masks to fit the situation we are in. We take on roles and those looking at us see the Mask and Role we are playing. We need to look at the role we are playing and take stock on what its value is towards others as well as towards ourselves. I think we have some choice in what role we play. A method actor "gets into a role" and becomes that character. We need to check on what character we have become. Especially if the character becomes us. (how many did I lose on that one?) - LRK - ----------------------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * "The cost of the Apollo program was estimated at between $25 and $40 billion for the 1960-70 decade. according to the Census Bureau's 1971 Statistical Abstract of the United States, for an American population of about 200 million people, the annual cost of the Apollo program was less than $20 per person. During that same decade, the average American spent about $80 a year on cigarettes, $50 on beer, and over $50 on liquor." "The litter left on the moon by Apollo 11 had a value of $1 million. It included: * Eagle's descent stage * U.S. flag and staff * The mast for the solar wind experiment * The seismic package The laser reflector unit * A 1 1/2-inch silicon disk containing messages from leaders of 73 nations * A TV camera and tripod * A gold olive branch symbolizing peace Two life support systems An Apollo 1 patch commemorating Virgil Grissom, Edward White, and Roger Chaffe * Medals honoring cosmonauts Vladimir Komarov and Yuri Gagarin * An equipment bag with cameras, tools, and other items -Apollo Log * * * * * * * * * * * * ----------------------------------------------- GOING BACK TO THE MOON WILL CHANGE THE LAY OF THE LAND. THERE ARE THOSE THAT CONSIDER THE MOON SACRED. WILL THE MOON BE STRIP MINED IN THE PATTERN OF CROP SWIRLS OR SOME BIG BILL BOARD. Well it is a long way off, still the potential for changing the Moon's appearance might be considered. Does the world have a say in how we handle exploration? At the moment we can't see the Apollo landing sites. Will sifting through the regolith change its reflective properties? There have been reports of flashes from the Moon. If we go there and really set up shop, will we light it up at night from more than just the reflection from the Sun? What will Earth look like from the Moon? http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap001127.html http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02991 http://www.fourmilab.ch/cgi-bin/uncgi/Earth/action?opt=-m http://www.fourmilab.ch/cgi-bin/uncgi/Earth/action?opt=-s http://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/vplanet.html http://www.fourmilab.ch/cgi-bin/uncgi/Earth/action?opt=-m&img=MoonTopo.evif ----------------------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * ". . . However, just as we did not go to the moon in the name of science to begin with, it's unlikely that science will be the reason for going back. Instead, talk has focused on the resources the moon has to offer. Oxygen, for example, is a constituent of some lunar materials. Lunar oxygen would be available not only to settlers who harvested it, but also for spacecraft in Earth orbit that could use it for propellant-because of the moon's weaker gravity, shipping oxygen from the moon would be far cheaper than hauling it up from Earth. "Another lunar resource of potentially enormous value is helium-3, an isotope long known to physicists studying nuclear fusion as a cleaner, more efficient alternative to the fuels envisioned for 'conventional' fusion reactors. On Earth, helium-3 exists only in minute quantities as a by-product of the production of thermonuclear weapons. But on the moon it is plentiful, one of the many gases deposited there by the sun in a stream of charged particles called the solar wind. Furthermore, according to University of Wisconsin nuclear physicist Jerry Kulcinski, if lunar settlers could harvest the gas they would reap other resources of great value for their survival on the moon. for example, Kulcinski says, every ton of helium-3 extracted by lunar settlers would yield 3,300 tons of water. "If we had a helium-3 mine up there," he says, "we'd have enough water to have swimming pools." -"Why Haven't We Gone Back?" Andrew Chaikin * * * ----------------------------------------------- BRINGS US BACK TO WHY GO TO THE MOON. DO WE GO JUST FOR SCIENCE OR FOR SOMETHING BIGGER THAN JUST SCIENCE? I like gadgets but that is not enough of a reason to spend the time, money, risk to go to the Moon. It probably will not sell to the taxpayer either. It remains to be seen if society can see a vision that benefits all the world and works for you. Or, it can just be another race, that once over, is forgotten again, for another 30+ years. If it was made into a movie, could make millions for a weekend or two. If it was for real, could change a lot of lives. Then again, I can always pull the weights up on the grandfather clock and count 3 more days gone by. :-) - LRK - ----------------------------------------------- * * * ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040405/5f681d85/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Mon Apr 5 01:38:54 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Mon, 5 Apr 2004 00:38:54 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Neil Armstrong and speeches on achievement Message-ID: When you talk about going to the Moon and Beyond you are opening up an exciting vista for engineers to think about and you will give them an opportunity to solve many interesting problems. What a thrill it will be for the students graduating who are looking for a challenge. You will enjoy listening to Neil Armstrong back in the year 2000. Check it out. Let your young engineer to be, see what just might be in store for them. :-) Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/57054main_armstrong.pdf (83 KB pdf file) The first man to set foot on the moon says the new Vision for Space Exploration has "substantial merit and promise." Apollo 11 Commander Neil Armstrong recently reflected on the history of the Space Age and looked ahead to future exploration plans, noting that "our economy can certainly afford an effort of this magnitude." Armstrong made the speech in Houston on March 11, 2004, where he was awarded the National Space Trophy by the Rotary National Award for Space Achievement (RNASA) Foundation. He was introduced by famed NASA Flight Director Christopher Kraft. Armstrong speaks at the Rotary National Award For Space Achievement dinner on March 11 in Houston. snip >From time to time, new grand plans have been announced, only to decay and dissolve from an inadequate level of public support, as interpreted by their elected officials. Now our president has introduced a new initiative with renewed emphasis on exploration of our solar system and expansion of the human frontiers. This proposal has substantial merit and promise. The success of that endeavor will be dependent on overcoming principle concerns of cost and risk. Our economy can certainly afford an effort of this magnitude, but the public must believe that the benefits to society deserve the investment. Noted the advancement of knowledge, the rate of progress is proportional to the risk encountered. The public at large may well be more risk-adverse than the individuals in our business, but to limit the progress in the name of eliminating risk is no virtue. The success of the endeavor will also be dependent on the degree to which the aerospace community, all of us -- government, industry, and academia -- can coalesce their forces and converge on a common goal. snip ------------------------------------------------------------- READ ON THE WEB IF YOU DON'T CARE TO DOWNLOAD THE PDF FILE. - LRK - http://www.spacedaily.com/news/lunar-04m.html Washington - Mar 23, 2004 Apollo 11 Commander Neil Armstrong recently reflected on the history of the Space Age and looked ahead to future exploration plans, noting that "our economy can certainly afford an effort of this magnitude." ============================================================= http://www.connectlive.com/events/engineersweek/ Engineer Neil A. Armstrong announced the Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century at the National Press Club on February 22, 2000. His speech, entitled "The Engineered Century," is presented in its entirety on this webcast. http://www.connectlive.com/events/pressclub/ram/npclun-022200-neil-armstrong .ram VIEW THE VIDEO (RealMedia 28/100k player required) http://www.greatachievements.org/ Welcome! How many of the 20th century's greatest engineering achievements will you use today? A car? Computer? Telephone? Explore our list of the top 20 achievements, and learn how engineering shaped a century and changed the world. Click here for a printer-friendly version of this page. 1. Electrification http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_1_1.html 2. Automobile http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_2_1.html 3. Airplane http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_3_1.html 4. Water Supply and Distribution http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_4_1.html 5. Electronics http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_5_1.html 6. Radio and Television http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_6_1.html 7. Agricultural Mechanization http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_7_1.html 8. Computers http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_8_1.html 9. Telephone http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_9_1.html 10. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_10_1.html 11. Highways http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_11_1.html 12. Spacecraft http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_12_1.html 13. Internet http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_13_1.html 14. Imaging http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_14_1.html 15. Household Appliances http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_15_1.html 16. Health Technologies http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_16_1.html 17. Petroleum and Petrochemical Technologies http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_17_1.html 18. Laser and Fiber Optics http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_18_1.html 19. Nuclear Technologies http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_19_1.html 20. High-performance Materials http://www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga_20_1.html ============================================================== http://www.moondaily.com/ Your Portal To Luna ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040405/f7f7e80b/attachment-0001.htm From larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Fri Apr 2 21:35:24 2004 From: larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net (larry.kellogg) Date: Fri, 2 Apr 2004 21:35:24 -0500 Subject: [lunar-update] Lunar Science & Resources: Future Options -- Congressional Testimony of Paul D. Spudis Message-ID: <26EB93D6A797D411A41F00D0B7D4E81C07BADAA0@exchange.prog.altair.com> Good day, Another week goes by and Hearings continue to gather information on Exploring Space as proposed by President Bush. The Testimony of Paul D. Spudis as posted on spaceref.com is copied below. The other references will take you to more posts by spaceref.com and the original sources from House Committee on Science Hearings. If we are to go to the Moon and Mars with humans there needs to be a rich source of supporting justification if it is to be more than just a fact finding mission. The idea of really opening up Space as new frontier is what I am thinking of. You may find the testimony interesting. If you are with me on this adventure, will be happy to continue gathering information. - LRK - http://www.house.gov/science/welcome.htm House Committee on Science - Latest News & Information http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/index.htm House Committee on Science - Hearings http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/index.htm Space and Areonautics Subcommittee Hearings 108th Congress - 2nd Session Larry Kellogg http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/mars.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/index.html http://www.larryrussellkellogg.net/links.html http://www.kelloggserialreports.net/LarryKelloggReports.htm ============================================================= http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=12407 STATUS REPORT Date Released: Friday, April 02, 2004 Source: House Science Committee Congressional Testimony of Paul D. Spudis: Lunar Science & Resources: Future Options Dr. Paul D. Spudis Planetary Scientist April 1, 2004 Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, thank you for inviting me here today to testify on the subject of lunar science, resources, and the US space program. Recently, President Bush articulated a new strategic direction for America in space, one that includes a return to the Moon and the development and use of off-planet resources. Although we conducted our initial visits to that body over 30 years ago, we have recently made several important discoveries that indicate a return to the Moon offers many advantages and benefits to the nation. In addition to being a scientifically rich object for study, the Moon offers abundant material and energy resources, the feedstock of an industrial space infrastructure. Once established, such an infrastructure will revolutionize space travel, assuring us of continuous, routine access to cislunar space (i.e., the space between and around Earth and Moon) and beyond. The value of the Moon as a space destination has not escaped the notice of other countries - at least four new robotic missions are currently being flown or prepared for flight by Europe, India, Japan, and China and advanced planning for human missions in many of these countries is already underway. Additionally, at least two of these future planned missions (India and China) have advanced their launch dates considerably within the last month, indicating that these nations recognize both the importance and value of the Moon and the urgency of establishing a presence there. The points below elaborate on WHY the nation needs to return to the Moon and why that return should take place NOW rather than later. (1) The Moon is close, accessible with existing systems, and has resources that we can use to create a true, economical space-faring infrastructure The inclusion of the Moon as the first destination in the President's new vision was no accident. The Moon is both a scientific bonanza and an economic treasure trove, easily reachable with existing systems and infrastructure that can revolutionize our national strategic and economic posture in space and at home. The dark areas near the poles of the Moon contain significant amounts (at least 10 billion tons) of hydrogen, most probably in the form of water ice. This ice can be mined to support human life on the Moon and in space and to make rocket propellant (liquid hydrogen and oxygen). Moreover, we can return to the Moon using existing infrastructure of evolved-expendable and Shuttle-derived launch systems for only a modest increase in the space budget within the next five years. The Moon is also a testing ground, a small nearby planet where we can learn the techniques of the strategies and operations we need to explore the solar system. The "mission" of this program is to go to the Moon to learn how to use off-planet resources to make space flight easier and cheaper in the future. Rocket propellant made on the Moon will permit routine access to cislunar space by people and machines, vital to the servicing and protection of national strategic assets and for the repair and refurbishing of commercial satellites. The availability of refueling capability in low Earth orbit would completely change the way engineers design spacecraft and the way companies and the government think of investing in space assets. This capability will serve to dramatically reduce the cost of space infrastructure to both the government and to the private sector, thus spurring economic investment (and profit). (2) The Moon is a unique scientific resource on which important research, ranging from planetary science to astronomy and high-energy physics, can be conducted. Generally considered a simple, primitive body, the Moon is actually a small planet of surprising complexity. The period of its most active geological evolution, between 4 and 3 billion years ago, corresponds to a "missing chapter" of Earth history. The processes that work on the Moon - impact, volcanism, and tectonism (deformation of the crust) - are the same ones that affect all of the rocky bodies of the inner solar system, including the Earth. Because the Moon has no atmosphere or running water, its ancient surface is preserved in nearly pristine form and its geological story can be read with clarity and understanding. Because the Moon is Earth's companion in space, it retains a record of the history of this corner of the Solar System - vital knowledge unavailable on any other planetary object. Of all the scientific benefits of Apollo, appreciation of the importance of impact (the collision of solid bodies) in planetary evolution must rank highest. Before we went to the Moon, we had to understand the physical and chemical effects of these collisions, events completely beyond the scale of human experience. Of limited application at first, this new knowledge turned out to have profound consequences. We now believe that large-body collisions periodically wipe out species and families on Earth, most notably, the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago. The telltale residue of such large body impacts in Earth's past is recognized because of knowledge we acquired about impact from the Moon. Additional knowledge still resides there; while the Earth's surface record has been largely erased by the dynamic processes of erosion and crustal recycling, the ancient lunar surface retains this impact history. Although other planets display craters, only the Moon resides in our vicinity of the solar system, records the same impact flux that has struck Earth over the geologic past and retains a unique record that cannot be read on any other body. When we return to the Moon, we will examine this record in detail and learn about its evolution as well as our own. Because the Moon has no atmosphere and is a quiet, stable body, it is a premier place to observe the universe. Telescopes erected on the lunar surface will possess many advantages over both Earth-based and space-based instruments. The Moon's level of seismic activity is orders of magnitude lower than that of Earth, permitting the construction of interferometers with multiple-kilometer baselines. Such an instrument can image the disks of terrestrial-sized planets orbiting nearby stars. The lack of an atmosphere permits clear viewing, with no spectrally opaque windows to contend with; the entire electromagnetic spectrum is visible from the Moon's surface. Its slow rotation (one lunar day is 708 hours long, about 28 terrestrial days) means that there are long times of darkness for observation. Even during the lunar day, brighter sky objects are visible through the reflected surface glare. The far side of the Moon is permanently shielded from the din of electromagnetic noise produced by our industrial civilization. Unique electromagnetic windows on the sky, such as low-frequency shortwave radio (~10-100 m), can be mapped only from the lunar far side. There are areas of perpetual darkness and sunlight near the poles of the Moon. The dark regions are very cold, only a few tens of degrees above absolute zero and these natural "cold traps" can be used to passively cool infrared detectors. Thus, telescopes installed near the lunar poles can see both entire celestial hemispheres at once with infrared detectors, cooled courtesy of the cold traps. Recent suggestions that lunar dust poses unsolvable problems and difficulties for telescopes on the Moon are incorrect; lunar dust does not "coat" surfaces if left undisturbed. The Apollo astronauts became covered in dust because in some cases, they fell, knelt, or had to literally wallow in dust to pick up the samples they wanted to return. The best evidence that lunar dust creates no long-term problems comes from the performance of the Laser Ranging Retroreflectors (LRRR), which were deployed by Apollo astronauts at four different sites. These passive arrays of glass cubes are used as mirrors to reflect laser pulses sent from Earth in order to precisely measure the Earth-Moon distance. After over 30 years of continuous use and exposure to the lunar dust environment, they show no degradation of photon return whatsoever. (3) We already know the Moon possesses the resources needed to create a spacefaring transportation infrastructure in cislunar (Earth-Moon) space. The return of the Apollo lunar samples taught us the fundamental chemical make-up of the Moon. The Moon is a very dry, chemically reduced object, rich in refractory elements but poor in volatile elements. The composition of the Moon is rather ordinary, made up of common Earth minerals such as plagioclase (an aluminum, calcium silicate), pyroxene (a magnesium, iron silicate), and ilmenite (an iron-titanium oxide). The Moon is approximately 40% oxygen by weight. Light elements, including hydrogen and carbon, are present, but in small amounts - in a typical lunar mare soil, hydrogen makes up between 50 and 90 parts per million by weight. Soils richer in titanium appear to be also richer in hydrogen, thus allowing us to infer the extent of hydrogen abundance from the global titanium concentration maps returned by both the Clementine and Lunar Prospector missions. As usable commodities, lunar materials offer many possibilities. Because radiation is a serious problem for human spaceflight beyond low-Earth orbit, the simple expedient of covering surface habitats with soil can protect future lunar inhabitants from both galactic cosmic rays and even solar flares. Lunar soil can be sintered by microwave into very strong building materials, including bricks and anhydrous glasses that have strengths many times that of steel. When we return to the Moon, we will have no shortage of useful building materials. Because of its high abundance in lunar materials, oxygen production is likely to be an important early lunar product. The production of oxygen from lunar materials is not magical, but simply involves breaking the very tight chemical bonds between oxygen and various metals in lunar minerals. Many different techniques to accomplish this task have been developed; all are based on common industrial processes easily adapted to use on the Moon. Besides human life support, the most important use of oxygen in its liquefied form is to make rocket fuel oxidizer. Coupled with the extraction of solar wind hydrogen from the soil, this processing can make rocket fuel the most important commodity of a new lunar economy. The Moon has no atmosphere or global magnetic field, so the solar wind, the tenuous stream of gases emitted by the Sun (mostly hydrogen), are directly implanted onto the dust grains of the Moon. Although this solar wind hydrogen is present over most of the Moon in very small quantities, it too can be extracted from soil. Soil heated to about 700? C releases more than 90% of its adsorbed solar wind gases. Such heat can be obtained from collecting and concentrating solar energy using focusing mirrors on the lunar surface, a readily available form of energy on the Moon. Collected by robotic processing rovers, solar wind hydrogen can be harvested from virtually any location. Additionally, recent discoveries by space probes of the 1990's suggest that special areas exist where this material is present in much greater abundance, making its collection and use much easier. (4) Hydrogen, probably in the form of water ice, exists at the poles of the Moon in quantity and can be extracted and processed into rocket propellant and life-support consumables The joint DoD-NASA Clementine mission was flown in 1994. Designed to test sensors developed for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), Clementine was an amazing success story. This small spacecraft was designed, built, and flown within the short time span of 24 months for a total cost of about $150 M (FY 2003 dollars), including the launch vehicle. Clementine made global maps of the mineral and elemental content of the Moon, mapped the shape and topography of its surface with laser altimetry, and gave us our first good look at the intriguing and unique polar regions of the Moon. Clementine did not carry instruments specifically designed to look for lunar water, but encouraged by an interesting result from Arecibo radar data that suggested interesting deposits near the Moon's south pole, an ingenious improvisation used the spacecraft communications antenna to beam radio waves into the polar regions; radio echoes were observed using the Deep Space Network dishes. Results indicated that material with reflection characteristics similar to ice are found in the permanently dark areas near the south pole. This major discovery was subsequently confirmed in 1998 by a different experiment flown on NASA's Lunar Prospector spacecraft. The Moon contains no internal water; all water is added to it over geological time by the impact of comets and water-bearing asteroids. Dark areas near the poles are very cold, only a few tens of degrees above absolute zero. Thus, any water that gets into these polar "cold traps" cannot get out so over time, significant quantities accumulate. Our current best estimate of the amount of water on the Moon comes from two orbital measurements. The Clementine bistatic experiment indicates that an area of about 135 km2 of pure ice exists within an observed area of about 45,000 km2, corresponding to a concentration level of about 0.3 %. This radar estimate is consistent with observations from Earth-based radio observatories, including Arecibo and Goldstone, which show small, scattered areas of high radar backscatter within the sun-dark regions of the lunar poles. The Lunar Prospector neutron spectrometer found a concentration level of about 1.5 % water over an area approximately 12,000 km2 in extent. It should be noted that because of the observing geometry between Earth and Moon, Clementine and Earth-based radar can only examine about a quarter to a third of the total dark area of the lunar south pole, whereas Lunar Prospector collected data from 100% of the dark region. This difference in part may explain the discrepancy. In all, we estimate that over 10 billion metric tons of water exist at the lunar poles, an amount equal to the volume of Utah's Great Salt Lake - without the salt! Lunar polar water has the advantage of already being in a concentrated useful form, simplifying scenarios for lunar return and habitation. Water from the lunar cold traps advances our space-faring infrastructure by creating the first space "filling station" on the solar system highway. The poles of the Moon are useful from yet another resource perspective - the areas of permanent darkness are in proximity to areas of near-permanent sunlight. Because the Moon's axis of rotation is nearly perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, the sun always appears on or near the horizon at the poles. If you're in a hole, you never see the Sun; if you're on a peak, you always see it. We have identified several areas near both the north and south poles of the Moon that offer near-constant sun illumination. Thus, an outpost or establishment in these areas will have the advantage of being in sunlight for the generation of electrical power (via solar cells) and in a benign thermal environment (the sun is always at grazing incidence); such a location never experiences the temperature extremes (from 100? to -150? C) found on the lunar equator. These properties make the poles of the Moon an inviting oasis in near-Earth space. (5) By allowing us to travel at will, with people, throughout the Earth-Moon system, a return to the Moon to use lunar resources gives the nation a challenging mission and creates capability for the future. Implementation of this objective for our national space program would have the result of establishing a robust transportation infrastructure, one capable of delivering people and machines throughout cislunar space. Make no mistake - learning to use the resources of the Moon or any other planetary object is a challenging technical task. We must learn to use machines in remote, hostile environments, working with ore bodies of small concentration under difficult conditions. The unique polar environment of the Moon, with its zones of near-permanent illumination and permanent darkness, provides its own challenges. But for humanity to have a foothold beyond low-Earth orbit, we must learn to use the materials available off-planet. We are fortunate that the Moon offers a nearby, "safe" laboratory for our first steps in using space resources. Initial blunders in mining tactics or feedstock processing are better practiced three days from Earth than from Mars, located many months of space travel away. A mission learning to use these lunar resources is scalable in both level of effort and the types of commodities to be produced. We begin by using the resources that are the easiest to extract. Thus, a logical first product is water derived from the lunar polar deposits. Water is producible there regardless of the nature of the polar volatiles - ice of cometary origin is easily collected and purified while molecular hydrogen on lunar dust from the solar wind can be combined with oxygen extracted from rocks and soil (through a variety of processes) to make water. Water is easily stored for use as a life-sustaining substance for people or broken down into its constituent hydrogen and oxygen for use as rocket propellant. Although we currently possess the minimal information to plan a lunar return, investment in a few robotic precursor missions would be greatly beneficial. We should map the polar deposits of the Moon from orbit using imaging radar to determine the extent, purity, and thickness of the ice in these dark regions. A camera and associated instrument to make a high resolution global topographic map (e.g., radar or laser altimetry) is also needed on this orbital mission to make high quality maps for future explorers and miners. The next step will be to land small robotic probes to conduct chemical analyses of the polar deposits and radio results to Earth. Although we expect water ice to dominate the deposit, impact deposits from cometary cores are made up of many different substances, including methane, ammonia, and organic molecules, all potentially useful resources. We need to inventory these species, determine their chemical and isotopic properties, and their physical nature and environment. Just as the way for Apollo was paved by such missions as Ranger and Surveyor, a set of robotic precursor missions, conducted in parallel with the planning of manned expeditions, can make subsequent human missions safer and more productive. After these robotic missions have documented the nature of the deposits, focused engineering research efforts should be undertaken to develop the techniques and machinery needed to be transported to the lunar base as part of future human expeditions. There, the processes and principles of resource extraction will be established and validated, thus paving the way to automation and commercialization of the mining, extraction and production of lunar hydrogen and oxygen. (6) This new mission will create routine access to cislunar space for people and machines, which directly relates to important national economic and strategic goals. By learning space survival skills close to home, we create new opportunities for exploration, utilization, and wealth creation. Space will no longer be a hostile place that we tentatively visit for short periods; it becomes instead a permanent part of our world. Achieving routine freedom of cislunar space makes America more secure (by enabling larger, cheaper, and routinely maintainable assets in orbit) and more prosperous (by opening an economically limitless new frontier.) As a nation, we rely on a variety of government assets in cislunar space, from weather satellites to GPS systems to a wide variety of reconnaissance satellites. In addition, commercial spacecraft continue to make up a multi-billion dollar market, providing telephone, Internet, radio and video services. America has invested billions of dollars in this infrastructure. Yet at the moment, we have no way to service, repair, refurbish or protect any of these spacecraft. They are vulnerable with no bulwark against severe damage or permanent loss. It is an extraordinary investment in design and fabrication to make these assets as reliable as possible. When we lose a satellite, it must be replaced and this process takes years. We cannot now access these spacecraft because it is not feasible to maintain a human-tended servicing capability in Earth orbit - the costs of launching orbital transfer vehicles and propellant would be excessive (it costs around $10,000 to launch one pound to low Earth orbit). By creating the ability to refuel in orbit, using propellant derived from the Moon, we would revolutionize our national space infrastructure. Satellites would be repaired, rather than written off. Assets would be protected rather than abandoned. Very large satellite complexes could be built and serviced over long periods, creating new capabilities and expanding bandwidth (the new commodity of the information society) for a wide variety of purposes. And along the way, we will create new opportunities and make ever greater discoveries. Thus, a return to the Moon with the purpose of learning to mine and use its resources creates a new paradigm for space operations. Space becomes a part of America's industrial world, not an exotic environment for arcane studies. Such a mission ties our space program to its original roots in making us more secure and more prosperous. But it also enables a broader series of scientific and exploratory opportunities. If we can create a spacefaring infrastructure that can routinely access cislunar space, we have a system that can take us to the planets. (7) Timing is everything: It is important for America to undertake this mission NOW, rather than later. Many nations have recently indicated an interest in the Moon. The possible collection and use of lunar resources raises some interesting political and economic issues. Currently, the 1967 United Nations Treaty on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space prohibits claims of national sovereignty on the Moon or any other object. However, it is not clear that private claims are likewise prohibited under this treaty. The 1984 United Nations Moon treaty specifically prohibits private ownership of lunar assets, but the United States, Russia, and China are not signatories to that treaty, ratification of which was specifically rejected by the United States Senate. Our initial return to the Moon would be an engineering and scientific research and development project. We undertake our studies of the extraction of lunar resources to ascertain the best methods to harvest and use these materials. Our presence on the Moon does not give us title to it. However, a strong and continuing American presence on the Moon can help establish de facto the broad legal framework and economic paradigm of democratic, free-market capitalism off the Earth. It is not clear that other nations would be similarly inclined. In short, regardless of impressions, we are indeed in a race to the Moon - not a race comparable to the 1960's Cold War race to the Moon between America and the Soviet Union, but a race no less important in establishing future socio-economic stability. History has shown that our economic-political system produces the most wealth and freedom and highest quality of life for the most people in the shortest time. America needs to continue to lead in space, ensuring an open economic and self-determining, democratic framework is established off-Earth. (8) The infrastructure created by a return to the Moon will allow us to travel to the planets in the future more safely and cost effectively. This benefit comes in two forms. First, developing and using lunar resources can enable movement throughout the Solar System by permitting the fueling of interplanetary craft with materiel already in orbit, thereby saving the enormous costs of launch from Earth's surface. Second, the processes and procedures that we learn on the Moon will be applied to all future space operations. To successfully mine the Moon, we must learn how to use machines and people in tandem, each taking advantage of the other's strengths. The issue isn't "people or robots?" in space, it's "how can we best use the combination of people and robots in space?" People bring the unique abilities of cognition and experience to exploration and discovery; robots possess extraordinary stamina, strength, and sensory abilities. We can learn on the Moon how to best combine these two complementary skill mixes to maximize our exploratory and exploitation abilities. A return to the Moon will give us operational experience on another world. Activities on the Moon will make future planetary missions less risky as we gain valuable experience in an environment close to Earth, yet on a distinct and unique alien world. Systems and procedures can be tested, vetted, revised and re-checked. By learning to live and work on the Moon, we gain both experience and confidence in planetary exploration and surface operations. The Moon provides a nearby laboratory and industrial test-bed where we can hone our exploratory skills and lay the foundations for a future space-based economy. Human expansion to the Moon will provide new opportunities and horizons for the American entrepreneur, our businesses, and our workforce. Developing new technologies has always led to new markets and increased our general prosperity. Expansion of the economy is vital to our national health and security. Who will capitalize on this opportunity and become the next Rockefeller, Carnigie, Ford, Getty, or Gates? America needs a challenging, vigorous space program. It must present a mission that inspires, educates, and enriches. It must relate to important national needs yet push the boundaries of the possible. It must serve larger national concerns beyond scientific endeavors. The President's program fulfills these goals. It is a technical challenge to the nation. It creates security for America by assuring access and control of our assets in cislunar space. It creates wealth and new markets by producing commodities of great commercial value. It stimulates and inspires the next generation by example. A return to the Moon is a giant step into the Solar System. Thank you for your attention. ============================================================== http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lpi/spudis/ Spudis http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lpi/abspudis.html Dr. Paul D. Spudis Planetary Geology and Remote Sensing SEE THE INFORMATION ABOUT PAUL's BOOK - The Once and Future Moon, published by the Smithsonian Institution University Press. - LRK - http://www.earthsky.com/shows/profiles/spudis.php Scientist Profile: Paul D. Spudis, Lunar Geologist March 2003 by David S.F. Portree Paul D. Spudis is a planetary scientist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Baltimore, Maryland. His specialty is the geology of the Moon. He has also studied the geology of Mars, Mercury, and many other worlds. Dr. Spudis was Deputy Leader of the science team for the Clementine lunar mission in 1994, and has participated in NASA and National Academy of Sciences committees that helped shape future space exploration. snip ============================================================== http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/index.htm Space and Areonautics Subcommittee Hearings 108th Congress - 2nd Session April 1, 2004 - Subcommittee on Space - Hearing Lunar Science & Resources: Future Options Charter - pdf | moon article - pdf | Paul Spudis | Daniel Lester - pdf | Donald Campbell - pdf | John Lewis | Timothy Swindle | http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/charter.pdf http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/moon_article1.pdf http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/spudis.htm http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/lester.pdf http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/campbell.pdf http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/lewis.htm http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/apr01/swindle.htm March 18, 2004 - Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics on Hearing NASA-Department of Defense Cooperation in Space Transportation Charter - pdf | Ronald Sega | Rear Admiral (ret.) Craig E. Steidle | Maj. Gen. (ret.) Robert Dickman | Elon Musk | http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/mar18/charter.pdf http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/mar18/sega.htm http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/mar18/steidle.htm http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/mar18/dickman.htm http://www.house.gov/science/hearings/space04/mar18/musk.htm ============================================================== http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=12419 House Science Committee Hearing Charter: Lunar Science & ... Space Ref - 1 hour ago On Thursday, April 1, 2004 at 1:00 pm, the Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics will hold a hearing to examine current thinking about the suitability of the ... http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=12415 Congressional Testimony of John S. Lewis: Lunar Science & ... Space Ref - 2 hours ago Chairman Rohrabacher, members of Congress, ladies and gentlemen: It is my pleasure to offer some remarks concerning the role of the Moon and its mineral ... http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=12414 Congressional Testimony of Timothy D. Swindle: Lunar Science & ... Space Ref - 2 hours ago Chairman Rohrabacher, members of the committee, ladies and gentlemen: Thank you for the invitation to talk about issues regarding lunar science and lunar ... http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=12416 Congressional Testimony of Daniel F. Lester: Lunar Science & ... Space Ref - 2 hours ago Testimony of Daniel F. Lester, McDonald Observatory, University of Texas before the US House of Representatives Committee on Science, Subcommittee on Space and ... http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=12407 Testimony of Dr. Paul D. Spudis to the Subcommittee on Space and ... Space Ref - 6 hours ago Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, thank you for inviting me here today to testify on the subject of lunar science, resources, and the US space program ... http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=13969 NASA's Space Initiative: Moon's Potential is Uncertain, Experts ... Space Ref - 22 hours ago WASHINGTON, DC - A panel of scientific experts testified today to the Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics that more data are needed to determine if the moon ... http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-57/iss-4/p43.html Planetary Diversity PhysicsToday.org - Apr 1, 2004 Planets come in a wide variety of types and exhibit a wide range of complex behavior. Still, we can ask--and answer--some fundamental questions about them. ... http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=13951 University of Arizona Professors Testify at Congressional Lunar ... Space Ref - Mar 31, 2004 Two University of Arizona planetary scientists will testify this week before the House Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics. The ... ============================================================== If you know of someone that would like to look up with you, and join the lunar-update list, have them send an e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of their message, put: subscribe lunar-update or just have them drop me a line and I will add them. mailto:larry.kellogg at sbcglobal.net Larry http://kelloggserialreports.blogspot.com/ - This list was forwarded using Majordomo at Altair Engineering, Inc. To unsubscribe from this list, please send e-mail to majordomo at altair.com. In the body of your message, put: unsubscribe lunar-update -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://news.altair.com/pipermail/lunar-update/attachments/20040402/d151e076/attachment-0001.htm